A Multipurpose Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on Vector Quantization in DCT Domain

Authors: Jixin Liu, Zheming Lu

Abstract:

In this paper, a novel multipurpose audio watermarking algorithm is proposed based on Vector Quantization (VQ) in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain using the codeword labeling and index-bit constrained method. By using this algorithm, it can fulfill the requirements of both the copyright protection and content integrity authentication at the same time for the multimedia artworks. The robust watermark is embedded in the middle frequency coefficients of the DCT transform during the labeled codeword vector quantization procedure. The fragile watermark is embedded into the indices of the high frequency coefficients of the DCT transform by using the constrained index vector quantization method for the purpose of integrity authentication of the original audio signals. Both the robust and the fragile watermarks can be extracted without the original audio signals, and the simulation results show that our algorithm is effective with regard to the transparency, robustness and the authentication requirements

Keywords: Copyright Protection, Discrete Cosine Transform, Integrity Authentication, Multipurpose Audio Watermarking, Vector Quantization.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1083371

References:

[1] Jana Dittmann, Martin Steinebach, Thomas Kunkelmann and Ludwig Stoffels, "H204M-Watermarking for media: classification, quality evaluation, design improvements," in Proc. ACM Multimedia 2000, Marina Del Rey, USA, 2000, pp. 107-110.
[2] Mintzer, F., Braudaway, G.W., "If one watermark is good, are more better?" In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, USA, 1999, pp. 2067-2069.
[3] Peter H. W. Wong, Oscar C. Au,Y. M. Yeung, "A novel blind multiple watermarking technique for images," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,vol.13, no. 4, pp. 813-830, August 2003.
[4] Lu, Z.M., Xu, D.G., Sun, S.H., "Multipurpose image watermarking algorithm based on multistage vector quantization," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 822-831, June 2005.
[5] Wang, X.Y., Cui, Y.R., Yang, H.Y., Zhao, H., "A new content-based digital audio watermarking algorithm for copyright protection," In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Information Security, China, 2004. pp. 62-68.
[6] Lu, C.S., Mark Liao, H.Y., Chen, L.H., "Multipurpose audio watermarking," In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Pattern Recognition, Spain, 2000, pp. 282-285.
[7] Wang, R.D., Xu, D.W., Li, Q., "Multiple audio watermarks based on lifting wavelet transform," In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, China, 2005, vol.4, pp. 1959-1964.
[8] Ning Chen, Jie Zhu, "Multipurpose audio watermarking algorithm," Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 517-523.
[9] Y. Linde,A. Buzo, and R.M. Gray, "An algorithm for vector quantizer design," IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 28, no.1, pp. 84-95, January 1980.
[10] Zhe-Ming LU, Wen XING, Dian-Guo XU and Sheng-He SUN, "Digital image watermarking method based on vector quantization with labeled codewords," IEICE Trans. Information and Systems. E86-D(12), pp. 2786-2789, 2003.
[11] Martin Steinebach, Fabien A. P. Petitcolas, Frederic Rayna, Jana Dittmann, "StirMark benchmark: audio watermarking attacks," In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Information Technology: Coding and Computing, USA, 2001, pp. 49-54.
[12] Ning Chen and Jie Zhu, "Multipurpose speech watermarking based on multistage vector quantization of linear prediction coefficients," The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 64-69, December 2007.