Effect of Butachlor on the Microbial Population of Direct Sown Rice

Authors: Kalyanasundaram.D., Kavitha. S

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted at Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy; to device suitable weed control measures for direct seeded puddled rice and to study the effect of the weed control measures on the soil microbial population. The treatments comprised of incorporation of pressmud @ 6.25 t ha-1 and application of herbicide butachlor @1.5 kg a. i. ha- 1 with and without safener 4 days after sowing (DAS), 8 DAS alone and also in conjunction with hand weeding at 30 DAS. Hand weeding twice and a weedy check were also maintained. At maximum tillering stage, the population of bacteria was significantly reduced by butachlor application. The injury to microbes caused by herbicide disappeared with the advancement of crop's age and at flowering stage of crop, there was no significant difference among the treatments. The fungal and actinomycetes population remained unaltered by weed control treatments at both the stages of observation.

Keywords: Butachlor, Herbicide, Direct sown rice, Microbial population

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1082847

References:

[1] J.P.E. Anderson and K.H. Domsch. Influence of selected pesticide on the microbial degradation of C14-Triallate and C14-diallate in soil. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, vol 9, pp. 115-123, 1980.
[2] G.B. Beestman and J.M. Deming. Dissipation of acetanilide herbicides from soil Agron. J, vol66, pp. 308-311, 1974.
[3] S.B. Chattopadhyadhya and N.Mukhopadhyay, Investigations on disease complex of rice in West Bengal (India). I. Study of rhizophere micro-flora of the affected plants. Int. Rice. Comm.. Newsl. vo16, pp.31-37, 1967.
[4] P.B.B.N. Charyulu, and V.R.Rao. Nitrogen fixation in some Indian rice soils. Soil Sci, vol128, pp. 86-89, 1979.
[5] Y.L. Chen and C.C. Chen. Degradation and dissipation of herbicide butachlor. J. Pesticide Science. vol4, pp.431-438, 1979.
[6] S.K De Datta. Chemical weed control in tropical rice in Asia. PAN,. Vol18, pp. 433-440, 1992.
[7] G., S. Gopalsamy, R.Anthoni and A. Abdul Kareem. . Interactions of herbicides with Azolla and soil microbes. Indian J. Weed Sci., vol26(1): 28-34, 2004.
[8] E.Grossbard. Effect of herbicides on the soil microflora. In. Herbicides, physiology, biochemistry, Ecology (ed. Audus J.J.). Academic Press. London. pp.99. 1976.
[9] A.G. Lochhead and F.E Chase.. Quantitative studies of soil microorganism. V. Nutritional requirement of the predominant bacterial flora. Soil Sci. vol55, pp. 185-195, 1943.
[10] K., Kumar, J.S. Kohar and S.C. Bhandrai.. Effect of terbutryne. methabenz microflora in Bengal gram (Cicerarietinum L.) and lentil (Lenus culinares Media) Ind. J. Eol., vol14, pp. 52-58, 2009.
[11] K.Kumar and O.S. Kandasamy. Influence of continuous application of herbicides on soil micro flora in wet land cropping system. In: VI Bienn. Conf. of ISWS. Abstr., Feb 2005, Faculty of Agri., Annamalai Univ., Tamil Nadu. pp. 144.
[12] B.B, Mandal, P. Bandyopadhyaya, and S.K. Maity. Effect of some preemergence herbicides on soil microflora in direct seeded rice. Indian Agriculturist, vol 31(1), pp. 19-23, 2007.
[13] M.Ogawa and Y. Yambe Effects of herbicides on the mycrorrhizae of Pinus denisflora and soil microorganisms. Bull. Fort. And For Prod. Res. Inst. Npo. 311 pp 93-102, 1980.
[14] P.Roy,P.K.Singh, and N. Mukherjeee,.. Effect of granular insectides on rice micro-flora. Ind. J. Ent.vol 37, pp. 93-95., 1977.
[15] S.P. Singh. Effect of herbicides application on soil microbial population of paddy soil. In :Bienn. Conf., ISWS Publ., Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, India. pp. 199. 2010.