Effect of TCSR on Measured Impedance by Distance Protection in Presence Single Phase to Earth Fault

Authors: Mohamed Zellagui, Abdelaziz Chaghi

Abstract:

This paper presents the impact study of apparent reactance injected by series Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) i.e. Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR) on the measured impedance of a 400 kV single electrical transmission line in the presence of phase to earth fault with fault resistance. The study deals with an electrical transmission line of Eastern Algerian transmission networks at Group Sonelgaz (Algerian Company of Electrical and Gas) compensated by TCSR connected at midpoint of the line. This compensator used to inject active and reactive powers is controlled by three TCSR-s. The simulations results investigate the impacts of the TCSR on the parameters of short circuit calculation and parameters of measured impedance by distance relay in the presence of earth fault for three cases study.

Keywords: TCSR, Transmission line, Apparent reactance, Earth fault, Symmetrical components, Distance protection, Measured impedance.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1054853

References:

[1] J. Schlabbach, "Short-Circuit Currents", second edition, Published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), London, United Kingdom, June 2008.
[2] Group Sonelgaz/OS, "Rapport: Statistics of Faults on Electrical Networks 220 kV and 400 kV", Algiers, Algeria, December 2011.
[3] AREVA T&D, "Network Protection and Automation Guide", second edition, Published by AREVA, France, January 2010.
[4] G. Zigler, "Numerical Distance Protection: Principles and Applications", third edition, Publics Corporate Publishing, Germany, January 2008.
[5] M. Adamiak, and R. Patterson, "Protection Requirements for Flexible AC Transmission Systems", CIGRE, Paris, France, October 1992.
[6] N. Christl, R. Hedin, R. Johnson, P. Krause, and A. Montoya, "Power System Studies and Modeling for the Kayenta 230 kV Substation Advanced Series Compensation", International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC), London, United Kingdom, pp. 33-37, September 1991.
[7] IEEE Standard 1534, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Specifying Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor", IEEE Power and Energy Society, New York, USA, 20 November 2009.
[8] R.M. Mathur, and R.K. Varma, "Thyristor based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems", John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publication ant IEEE Press, New York, USA, 2002.
[9] M. Khederzadeh, and T.S. Sidhu, "Impact of TCSC on the Protection of Transmission Lines", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No.1, pp. 80-87, January 2006.
[10] T.S. Sidhu, and M. Khederzadeh, "TCSC Impact on Communication Aided Distance Protection Schemes and Mitigation", IET Conference on Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 152, No. 5, pp. 714-728, Sep. 2005.
[11] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults with TCSC on a Double Circuit Line", The 18th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), Sydney, Australia, 14-17 December 2008.
[12] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults in Presence of TCSC on Next Line", IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), India, 19-21 November 2008.
[13] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Effects of Voltage Transformers Connection Point on Measured Impedance at Relaying Point for Inter Phase Faults in Presence of TCSC", 2nd IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), Johor Baharu, Malaysia, Dec.1-3, 2008.
[14] A. Kazemi, S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Comparing TCSC Placements on Double Circuit Line Mid-point and Ends from Measured Impedance Point of View", IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT-2008), Chengdu 21-24 April 2008.
[15] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of TCSC on Measured Impedance by MHO Distance Relay on 400 kV Algerian Transmission Line in Presence of Phase to Earth Fault", Journal of Electrical Systems (JES), Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 273-291, September 2012.
[16] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Measured Impedance by MHO Distance Protection for Phase to Earth Fault in Presence GCSC", ACTA Technica Corviniensis - Bulletin of Engineering, Tome 5, Fascicule 3, pp. 81-86, July-September 2012.
[17] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of GCSC on Measured Impedance by Distance Relay in the Presence of Single Phase to Earth Fault", 32th International Conference on Power Systems Engineering (ICPSE), Dubai, UAE, 8-9 October 2012.
[18] A. Shojaei, and S.M. Madani, "Analysis of Measured Impedance by Distance Relay in Presence of SSSC", 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD), Brighton, UK, 19-21 April 2010.
[19] S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Locus of Apparent Impedance of Distance Protection in the Presence of SSSC", European Transactions on Electrical Power (ETEP), Vol. 21, Issue.1, pp. 398-412, 2011.
[20] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Impact of SSSC on Measured Impedance in Single Phase to Ground Fault Condition on 220 kV Transmission Line", Leonardo Journal of Sciences (LJS), Vol. 11, Issue 20, pp. 109- 124, January-June 2012.
[21] S. Jamali, A. Kazemi, and H. Shateri, "Measured Impedance by Distance Relay for Inter Phase Faults in Presence of SSSC", IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, (PSCE), USA, 15-18 March 2009.
[22] A. Salemnia, M. Khederzadeh, and A. Ghorbani, "Impact of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on Performance of Distance Relay", IEEE Power Tech Conference (PowerTech), Bucharest, Romania, 28 June - 2 July, 2009.
[23] M.V. Sham, and K. Panduranga Vittal, "Simulation Studies on the Distance Relay Performance in the Presence of STATCOM", Journal of Electrical Engineering (JEE), Vol. 11, N┬░ 3, Sept. 2011.
[24] K.K. Sen, and M.L. Sen, "Introduction to FACTS Controllers: Theory, Modeling and Applications", Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and IEEE, New Jersey, USA, July 2009.
[25] M. Zellagui, and A. Chaghi, "Distance Protection Settings Based Artificial Neural Network in Presence of TCSR on Electrical Transmission Line", International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications (IJISA), Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 75-85, November 2012.
[26] Ha Heng Xu, and Zhang BaoHui, "Study on Reactance Relays for Single Phase to Earth Fault on EHV Transmission Lines", International Conference on Power System Technology (ICPST), Singapore, 21-24 Nov. 2004.
[27] S. Jamali, and H. Shateri, "Impedance based Fault Location Method for Single Phase to Earth Faults in Transmission Systems", 10th IET International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection (DPSP), United Kingdom, 29 March - 1 April, 2010.
[28] L. Gérin-Lajoie, "A MHO Distance Relay Device in EMTP Works", Electric Power Systems Research (EPSR), Vol. 79, No.3, pp. 484-49, March 2009.
[29] Sonelgaz Group/OS, "Topologies of Electrical Networks 400 kV", Algerian Company of Electrical Transmission Network", 30 December 2011, Algiers, Algeria