Virtual Machines Cooperation for Impatient Jobs under Cloud Paradigm

Authors: Nawfal A. Mehdi, Ali Mamat, Hamidah Ibrahim, Shamala K. Syrmabn

Abstract:

The increase on the demand of IT resources diverts the enterprises to use the cloud as a cheap and scalable solution. Cloud computing promises achieved by using the virtual machine as a basic unite of computation. However, the virtual machine pre-defined settings might be not enough to handle jobs QoS requirements. This paper addresses the problem of mapping jobs have critical start deadlines to virtual machines that have predefined specifications. These virtual machines hosted by physical machines and shared a fixed amount of bandwidth. This paper proposed an algorithm that uses the idle virtual machines bandwidth to increase the quote of other virtual machines nominated as executors to urgent jobs. An algorithm with empirical study have been given to evaluate the impact of the proposed model on impatient jobs. The results show the importance of dynamic bandwidth allocation in virtualized environment and its affect on throughput metric.

Keywords: Insufficient bandwidth, virtual machine, cloudprovider, impatient jobs.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1077018

References:

[1] M. J. Kronfeld, "Experts believe cloud computing will enhance disaster managemen," GSN: Government Security News, pp. 34-39, 2010.
[2] F. Xhafa and A. Leonard, "Immediate mode scheduling of independent jobs in computational grids," in 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2007. AINA-07, 2007, pp. 970-977.
[3] L. Vaquero, L. Rodero-Merino, J. Caceres, and M. Lindner, "A break in the clouds: towards a cloud definition," ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 50-55, 2008.
[4] M. Kesavan, A. Ranadive, A. Gavrilovska, and K. Schwan, "Active CoordinaTion (ACT)-toward effectively managing virtualized multicore clouds," in Cluster Computing, 2008 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2008, pp. 23-32.
[5] P. Barham, B. Dragovic, K. Fraser, S. Hand, T. Harris, A. Ho, R. Neugebauer, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield, "Xen and the art of virtualization," in Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles. ACM, 2003, p. 177.
[6] I. Foster, Y. Zhao, I. Raicu, and S. Lu, "Cloud computing and grid computing 360-degree compared," in Grid Computing Environments Workshop, 2008. GCE-08. Ieee, 2008, pp. 1-10.
[7] E. Bugnion, S. Devine, K. Govil, and M. Rosenblum, "Disco: Running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 412-447, 1997.
[8] D. Ongaro, A. Cox, and S. Rixner, "Scheduling I/O in virtual machine monitors," in Proceedings of the fourth ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments. ACM, 2008, pp. 1-10.
[9] K. Mathew, P. Kulkarni, and V. Apte, "Network bandwidth configuration tool for xen virtual machines," in Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), 2010 Second International Conference on, jan. 2010, pp. 1 -2.
[10] V. Manetti, P. Di Gennaro, R. Bifulco, R. Canonico, and G. Ventre, "Dynamic virtual cluster reconfiguration for efficient iaas provisioning," in Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Parallel processing, ser. Euro-Par-09. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 424-433.
[Online]. Available: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1884795.1884844
[11] L. Wang, J. Tao, M. Kunze, A. C. Castellanos, D. Kramer, and W. Karl, "Scientific cloud computing: Early definition and experience," High Performance Computing and Communications, 10th IEEE International Conference on, vol. 0, pp. 825-830, 2008.
[12] B. Sotomayor, R. Montero, I. Llorente, and I. Foster, "Resource leasing and the art of suspending virtual machines," in 2009 11th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications. IEEE, 2009, pp. 59-68.
[13] B. Rimal, E. Choi, and I. Lumb, "A taxonomy and survey of cloud computing systems," in 2009 Fifth International Joint Conference on INC, IMS and IDC. IEEE, 2009, pp. 44-51.
[14] R. Goldberg, "Survey of virtual machine research," IEEE Computer, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 34-45, 1974.
[15] R. Figueiredo, P. Dinda, and J. Fortes, "A case for grid computing on virtual machines," in 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2003. Proceedings, 2003, pp. 550-559.
[16] C. Clark, K. Fraser, S. Hand, J. Hansen, E. Jul, C. Limpach, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield, "Live migration of virtual machines," in Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation-Volume 2. USENIX Association, 2005, p. 286.
[17] C. Sapuntzakis, R. Chandra, B. Pfaff, J. Chow, M. Lam, and M. Rosenblum, "Optimizing the migration of virtual computers," ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol. 36, no. SI, pp. 377-390, 2002.
[18] M. Kozuch and M. Satyanarayanan, "Internet suspend/resume," 2002.
[19] T. Wood, P. Shenoy, A. Venkataramani, and M. Yousif, "Black-box and gray-box strategies for virtual machine migration," in Proc. Networked Systems Design and Implementation, 2007.
[20] S. Pinter, Y. Aridor, S. Shultz, and S. Guenender, "Improving machine virtualisation with-hotplug memory-," International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 241-250, 2008.
[21] H. Kim and J. Kim, "An online scheduling algorithm for grid computing systems," Grid and Cooperative Computing, pp. 34-39, 2004.
[22] S. Ghanbari and M. Meybodi, "On-line mapping algorithms in highly heterogeneous computational grids: A learning automata approach," in International Conference on Information and Knowledge Technology (IKT05), 2005.
[23] L. Mei, W. Chan, and T. Tse, "A tale of clouds: Paradigm comparisons and some thoughts on research issues," in 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference. IEEE, 2008, pp. 464-469.
[24] D. Bernstein and D. Vij, "Using XMPP as a transport in Intercloud Protocols." submitted to 2nd USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Computing (HotCloud-10), for publication June, 2010.
[25] D. Bernstein, E. Ludvigson, K. Sankar, S. Diamond, and M. Morrow, "Blueprint for the Intercloud-Protocols and Formats for Cloud Computing Interoperability," in Proceedings of the 2009 Fourth International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services-Volume 00. IEEE Computer Society, 2009, pp. 328-336.
[26] R. Buyya, R. Ranjan, and R. Calheiros, "InterCloud: Utility-Oriented Federation of Cloud Computing Environments for Scaling of Application Services," Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, pp. 13- 31, 2010.
[27] J. Casazza, M. Greenfield, and K. Shi, "Redefining server performance characterization for virtualization benchmarking," Intel Technology Journal, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 243-251, 2006.
[28] K. Ranganathan and I. Foster, "Decoupling computation and data scheduling in distributed data-intensive applications," in 11th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, 2002. HPDC-11 2002. Proceedings, 2002, pp. 352-358.
[29] R. Calheiros, R. Ranjan, C. De Rose, and R. Buyya, "CloudSim: A Novel Framework for Modeling and Simulation of Cloud Computing Infrastructures and Services," Arxiv preprint arXiv:0903.2525, 2009.