Analysis of Roasted and Ground Grains on the Seoul (Korea) Market for Their Contaminants of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A and Fusarium Toxins by LC-MS/MS

Authors: So-young Jung, Bu-chuhl Choe, Gi-young Shin, Jung-hun Kim, Young-zoo Chae

Abstract:

A sensitive and specific method for quantitative determination of aflatoxins(B1, B2, G1,G2), deoxynivalenol, fumonisin(B1,B2), ochratoxin A, zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 in roasted and ground grains using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry. A double extraction using a phosphate buffer solution followed by methanol was applied to achieve effective co extraction of 11 mycotoxins. A multitoxin immunoaffinity column for all these mycotoxins was used to clean up the extract. The LODs of mycotoxins were 0.1~6.1 μg/kg, LOQs were 0.3~18.4 μg/kg. Forty seven samples collected from Seoul (Korea) for mycotoxin contamination monitoring. The results showed that the occurrence of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were frequent. Zearalenone was detected in all samples and deoxynivalenol was detected in 80.9 % samples in the range 0.626 ~ 29.264 μg/kg and N.D ~ 48.332 μg/kg respectively. Fumonisins and ochratoxin A were detected in 46.8% samples and 17 % samples respectively, aflatoxins and T-2/HT-2 toxins were not detected all samples.

Keywords: LC-MS/MS, mycotoxins, roasted and ground grains.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1076748

References:

[1] WHO/FAO. Safety Evaluation of certain Mycotoxins in Food, WHO Food Additives Series 47/FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 74, WHO: Geneva, 2001;1
[2] P.Ambrosino, F. Galvano. V., Foglino, A. Logrieco, R. Fresa and A. Ritieni, "Supercritical fluid extraction of Beauvericin from maize",Talanta, vol. 62, 2004, pp.523-.530
[3] M.P.E.Gonzalez,J. Mattusch and R. Wennrich, "Stability and determination of aflatoxins by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection" J. Chromatogr,A , vol. 828, 1998, pp. 439-444
[4] L. Gonzalez-Osnaya, C.Cortes, J.M.Soriano, J.C.Molto and J.Manes, "Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in bread and pasta commercialized in Spain." Food chemistry, vol.124, 2011, pp.156-161.
[5] K.F.Nielsen, U.Thrane, "Fast methods for screening of trichothecenes in fungal cultures using gas chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry" J.Chromatogr. A, vol.929, 2001, pp75-87.
[6] F.Grippi, L.Crosta, G.Aiello, M.Tolomeo, F.Oliveri, N.Gebbia, A.Curione "Determination of stilbenes in Sicilian pistachio by high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array (HPLC-DAD/FLD) and evaluation of eventually mycotoxin contamination." Food chemistry, vol.107, 2008, pp.483-488.
[7] R.Krska, R.Schuhmacher, M.Grasserbauer, P.M.Scott, J. "Determination of the Fusarium mycotoxin beauvericin at ╬╝ g/kg levels in corn by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection" J.Chromatogr. A, vol. 746, 1996, pp. 233-238
[8] Anne Molinie, Virginie Faucet, Marcel Castegnaro, Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz. "Analysis of some breakfast cereals on the French market for their contents of ochratoxin A, citrinin and fumonisin B1: development of a method for simultaneous extraction of ochratoxin A and citrinin." Food chemistry, vol. 92, 2005, pp. 391-400
[9] B.Giancaklo, B.Elisabetta, C.Edmondo, C.Valeriana, T.Giuseppina, "Determination of ochratoxin A in eggs and target tissues of experimentally drugged hens using HPLC- FLD." Food chemistry, vol. 126, 2011, pp. 1278-1282
[10] S.De Baere, J.Goossens, A.Osselaere, M.Devreese, V.Vandenbroucke, P.De Backer, S.Croubels. "Quantitative determination of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol in animal body fluids using LC-MS/MS detection."J.chromatogr B vol.879, 2001, pp. 2403-2415.
[11] Z.Zou, Z.He, H.Li, P.Han, J.Tang, C.Xi, Y.Li, L.Zhang, X.Li " Development and application of a method for the analysis of two trichothecenes:Deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin in meat in China by HPLC-MS/MS" Meat science, vol. 90, 2012, pp.613-617.
[12] V. M. T. Lattanzio, M.Solfizzo, S.Powers, A.Visconti. "Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins in maize by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after multitoxin immunoaffinity clean up." Rapid commun. Mass spectrum..vol. 21. 2007. pp.3253-3261.
[13] International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH), Validation of Analytical Procedures Methodology, Geneva, Switzerland, November .1996.