Influencing of Rice Residue Management Method on GHG Emission from Rice Cultivation

Authors: Cheewaphongphan P., Garivait S., Pongpullponsak A., Patumsawad S.

Abstract:

Thailand is one of the world-s leaders of rice producers and exporters. Farmers have to increase the rice cultivation frequency for serving the national increasing of export-s demand. It leads to an elimination of rice residues by open burning which is the quickest and costless management method. The open burning of rice residue is one of the major causes of air pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Under ASEAN agreement on trans-boundary haze, Thailand set the master plan to mitigate air pollutant emission from open burning of agricultural residues. In this master plan, residues incorporation is promoted as alternative management method to open burning. However, the assessment of both options in term of GHG emission in order to investigate their contribution to long-term global warming is still scarce or inexistent. In this study, a method on rice residues assessment was first developed in order to estimate and compare GHG emissions from rice cultivation under rice residues open burning and the case with incorporation of the same amount of rice residues, using 2006 IPCC guidelines for emission estimation and Life Cycle Analysis technique. The emission from rice cultivation in different preparing area practice was also discussed.

Keywords: Greenhouse gases, Incorporation, Rice cultivation, Rice field residue, Rice residue management

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1329607

References:

[1] C. Guo Liang, Z. XiaoYe, W. Ya Qiang, and Z. Fang Cheng, "Estimation of emissions from field burning of crop straw in China," Chinese Science Bulletin, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 784-790, 2008.
[2] B. Gadde, S. Bonnet, C. Menke, and S. Garivait, "Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand, and the Philipines," Environmental Pollution, vol. 157, pp. 1554-1558, 2009.
[3] P.M. Lemieux, C. C. Lutes, and D.A. Santoianni, "Emissions of organic air toxics from open burning: a comprehensive review," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-32, 2004.
[4] F. Duan, X. Liu, T. Yu, and H. Cachier, "Identification and estimate of biomass burning contribution to the urban aerosal organic carbon concentrations in Beijing," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 38, pp. 1275- 1282, 2004.
[5] CARB-California Air Resources Board, Department of Food and Agriculture, "Report of the Advisory Committee on Alternatives to Rice Straw Burning", 1995.
[6] S. Garivait, et al., "Monitoring and Assessment of Biomass Open Burning in Agricultural Areas/Lands in Thailand ", pp.1-60, 2005.
[7] I. Ortiz de Zarate, A. Ezcurra, J.P. Lacaux, and P. Van Dinh, "Pollution by cereal waste burning in Spain," Atmospheric Research, vol. 73, pp. 161-170, 2005.
[8] D.G. Streets, K.F. Yarber, J.-H. Woo, and G.R. Carmichael, "Biomass burning in Asia: annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions Global,". Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1099- 1118, 2003.
[9] OEPP-Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Thailand-s Initial National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Ministry of Science Technology and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand, pp.7, 2000.
[10] PCD-Pollution control department, National Master Plan for open Burning Control, Pollution control Department, Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment, Thailand, pp. 1-4, 2005.
[11] R. Prasad, B. Gangaiah, and K.C. Aipe, " Effect of crop residue management in a rice wheat cropping system on growth and yield of crops and on soil fertility," Expl Agric., vol. 35, pp. 427-435, 1999.
[12] M.D. Summer, B.M. Jenkins, P.R. Hyde, J.F. Williams, R.G. Mutters, S.C. Scardacci, and M.W. Hair, "Biomass production and allocation in rice with implications for straw harvesting and utilization," Biomass & Bioenergy, vol. 24, pp. 163-173, 2003.
[13] H. Pathak, and R. Wassmann, "Introducing greenhouse gas mitigation as a development objective in rice-based agriculture: I. Generation of technical coefficients," Agricultural Systems, vol. 94, pp. 807-825, 2007.
[14] IPCC-The Intergovenmental Panel on Climate Changes, " 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories", 2006.
[15] RiceThailand Ministry of agriculture and cooperatives, Rice knowledge bank,2010 online availability: http://www.brrd.in.th/rkb/data_006/rice_xx2-06_weedrice004.html#4
[Accessed 15-4-11].
[16] K.L. Kadam, L.H. Forrest, and W.A. Jacobson, "Rice straw as a lignocellulosic resource: collection, processing, transportation, and environmental aspects," Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 18, pp. 369-389, 2000.
[17] A. Douglas Wolfe, "Ranked set sampling: An approach to more efficient data collection", Department of Statistics, Ohio State University, pp.1- 25.
[18] N. Thawornthira, and Th. Mayurisawan, "Control chart based on ranked set sampling," Department of Mathematic, King Mongkut-s University of Technology North Bangkok, pp.1-14.
[19] K. Kanokkanjana, and S. Garivait, "Emission Factors of Particulate Matter Emission from Rice Field Residues Open Burning in Thailand," (Published Conference Proceedings style), in 1st Climate Thailand Conference, Thailand, 2010.
[20] M.O. Andreae, and P. Merle, " Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning," Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 955-966, 2001.
[21] A. Chamsing, M.V. Solokhe, and G. Singh, "Energy consumption analysis for selected crops in different regions of Thailand," Agricultural engineering research, Asian Institute of Technology, 2006.
[22] J. Liu, Y. Chen, and R.L. Kushwaha, "Effect of tillage speed and straw length on soil and straw movement by a sweep," Soil and Tillage Research, vol. 109, pp. 9-17, 2010.
[23] EEA-European Environment Agency, Computer programme to calculate emissions from road transport (COPERT), 2005, online available http:/verginia.eng.auth.gr/mech/lat/copert/copert.htm.
[Accessed 30-6- 11]