The Effect of Variable Incubation Temperatures on Hatchability and Survival of Goldlined Seabream, Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål,1775) Larvae

Authors: Fahad S. Ibrahim, Ewen Mclean, Mohammad M. Al Wahaibi, Ghazi .A. Al Shagaa, Adel H. Al Balushi

Abstract:

The effect of varying holding temperature on hatching success, occurrence of deformities and mortality rates were investigated for goldlined seabream eggs. Wild broodstock (600 g) were stocked at a 2:1 male-female ratio in a 2 m3 fiberglass tank supplied with filtered seawater (37 g L-1 salinity, temp. range 24±0.5 oC [day] and 22±1 oC [night], DO2 in excess of 5.0mg L-1). Females were injected with 200 IU kg-1 HCG between 08.00 and 10.00 h and returned to tanks to spawn following which eggs were collected by hand using a 100μm net. Fertilized eggs at the gastrulation stage (120 L-1) were randomly placed into one of 12 experimental 6 L aerated (DO2 5 mg L-1) plastic containers with water temperatures maintained at 24±0.5 oC (ambient), 26±0.5 oC, 28± 0.5 oC and 30±0.5 oC using thermostats. Each treatment was undertaken in triplicate using a 12:12 photophase:scotophase photoperiod. No differences were recorded between eggs reared at 24 and 26 oC with respect to viability, deformity, mortality or unhatched egg rates. Increasing temperature reduced the number of viable eggs with those at 30 oC returning poorest performance (P < 0.05). Mortality levels were lowest for eggs incubated at 24 and 26 oC. The greatest level of deformities recorded was that for eggs reared at 28 oC.

Keywords: Goldlined seabream, Oman, R. sarba, deformities.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1329555

References:

[1] Buschmann, A.H., Cabello, F., Young, K., Carajal, J., Varela, D.A. and Henriquez, L. (2009). Salmon aquaculture and coastal ecosystem health in Chile: A nalaysis of regulations, environmental impacts and bioremediation systems. Ocean and Coastal Management, 52, 243-249.
[2] Pillay, T.V.R. (2004). Aquaculture and the Environment 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. 208 pp.
[3] Forrest, B.M., Keeley, N.B., Hopkins, G.A., Webb, S.C. and Clement, D.M. (2009). Bivalve aquaculture in estuaries: Review and synthesis of oyster cultivation effects. Aquaculture, 298, 1-15.
[4] Hinojosa I.A. and Thiel, M. (2009). Floating marine debris in fjords, gulfs and channels of southern Chile. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58, 341-350.
[5] Arismendi, I., Soto, D., Penaluna, B., Jara, C., Leal, C. and Léon-M¶Ççînoz, J. (2009). Aquaculture, non-native salmonid invasions and associated declines of native fishes in Northern Patagonian lakes. Freshwater Biology, 54, 1135-1147.
[6] Lafferty, K.D., Porter, J.W. and Ford, S.E. (2004). Are diseases increasing in the ocean? Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 35, 31-54.
[7] Munro, J.T. and Owens, L. (2007). Yellow head-like viruses affecting the penaeid aquaculture industry: a review. Aquaculture Research, 38, 893-908.
[8] Mclean, E., Salze, G. and Craig, S.R. (2008). Parasites, diseases and deformities of cobia. Ribarstvo, 66, 1-17.
[9] Wille, K., McLean, E., Goddard, J.S. and Byatt, J.C. (2002). Dietary lipid level and growth hormone alter growth and body conformation of blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture, 209, 219-232.
[10] McLean, E., Wille, K., Goddard, J.S., Al-Oufi, J.S. and Al-Akhzami, Y.K. (2002). Tilapia research in the Sultanate of Oman: Present status and outlook. pp. 155-178, In: Contemporary Issues in Marine Science and Fisheries. Hasanuddin University Press, Makassar, Indonesia. 289pp.
[11] Goddard, J.S., Al-Shagaa, G. and Ali, A. (2008). Fisheries by-catch and processing waste meals as ingredients in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Research, 39, 518-525.
[12] Hiscock, S., Barratt, L. and Ormond, R. (1984). The marine algae of Dhofar, Oman - an upwelling system in the Arabian Sea. British Phycological Journal, 19, 194.
[13] Randall, J.E. (1995). Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawai-i Press, Ohau, USA. 437 pp.
[14] Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S. (1996). Marine Species of the Sultanate of Oman. Marine Science and Fisheries Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Muscat, Oman. 412 pp.
[15] Jupp, B.P. (2002). Guidebook to the seaweeds of the Sultanate of Oman. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Publication No. 2002/170, 152 pp.
[16] Woo, N.Y.S.; Kelly, S.P., 1995: Effects of salinity and nutritional status on growth and metabolism of Sparus sarba in a closed seawater system. Aquaculture, 135, 229-238.
[17] Radebe, P.V.; Mann, B.Q.; Beckley, L.E.; Govender, A. (2002) Age and growth of Rhabdosargus sarba (Pisces: Sparidae), from Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Fisheries Research. 58, 193-20.
[18] Leu, M.Y. (1994). Natural spawning ad larval rearing of silver bream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forskal), in captivity. Aquaculture, 120, 115-122.
[19] Hesp, S.A., Potter, I.C., Schubert, S.R.M. (2004). Factors influencing the timing and frequency of spawning and fecundity of the goldlined seabream (Rhabdosargus sarba) (Sparidae) in the lower reaches of an estuary. Fishery Bulletin, 102, 648-660.
[20] Hughes, J.M., Stewart, J., Kendall, B.W., (2008). Growth and reproductive biology of tarwhine Rhabdosargus sarba (Sparidae) in eastern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research, 59, 1111-1123.
[21] Mihelakakis, A., Yoshimatsu, T. (1998). Effects of salinity and temperature on incubation period, hatching rate and morphogenesis of the red sea bream. Aquaculture International 6, 171-177.
[22] Jennings, S., M., and G. Pawson. 1991. The Development of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, eggs in relation to temperature. Journal of Marine Biology, 71: 107-116.
[23] Sokal, R. R.; Rohlf, F.J., 1995: Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd ed. W. H. Freeman, New York, USA. 887pp.
[24] Polo, A., M. Yufera, and E. Pascual. (1990). Effects of temperature on egg and larval development of Sparus aurata L. European Aquaculture Society Special Publication 1989, Bredene, Belgium; No:10, pp. 207- 208.
[25] Ibrahim, F.S. (2004) Reproductive biology of wild goldlined seabream, Rhabdosargus sarba, captive breeding and larval development in the Sultanate of Oman. PhD thesis, University of Stirling, Scotland, U.K, 344p.
[26] Bermudes, M. and Ritar, A. J. (1999) Effects of temperature on the embryonic development of the striped trumpeter (Latris lineata Bloch and Schneider, 1801). Aquaculture, 176, 245-255.
[27] Watanabe, W.O., Lee, C., Ellis, S. C., Ellis E. P. (1995). Hatchery study of the effects of temperature on eggs and yolksac larvae of the Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus (1999). Aquaculture, 136, 141- 147.
[28] Andrades, J. A., Becerra, J., Fernández-Llebrez, P. (1996). Skeletal deformities in larval, juvenile and adult stages of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture, 141, 1-11).
[29] Bahmani, M; Sarvi Gheeyasabadi, A; Kazemi, R; Sarvi Gheeyasabadi, F. (2009). A study on embryonic development of Yellow Fin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus). Iranian scientific fisheries journal (Iran. Sci. Fish. J.). Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 33-42. 2009.