Generalized Maximal Ratio Combining as a Supra-optimal Receiver Diversity Scheme

Authors: Jean-Pierre Dubois, Rania Minkara, Rafic Ayoubi

Abstract:

Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) is considered the most complex combining technique as it requires channel coefficients estimation. It results in the lowest bit error rate (BER) compared to all other combining techniques. However the BER starts to deteriorate as errors are introduced in the channel coefficients estimation. A novel combining technique, termed Generalized Maximal Ratio Combining (GMRC) with a polynomial kernel, yields an identical BER as MRC with perfect channel estimation and a lower BER in the presence of channel estimation errors. We show that GMRC outperforms the optimal MRC scheme in general and we hereinafter introduce it to the scientific community as a new “supraoptimal" algorithm. Since diversity combining is especially effective in small femto- and pico-cells, internet-associated wireless peripheral systems are to benefit most from GMRC. As a result, many spinoff applications can be made to IP-based 4th generation networks.

Keywords: Bit error rate, femto-internet cells, generalized maximal ratio combining, signal-to-scattering noise ratio.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1074851

References:

[1] T. Rappaport, Wireless communications: principles and practice, Prentice Hall Inc., NJ, 2nd edition, 2002.
[2] J. Daba and M. Bell, "Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a Small Number of Random Scatterers," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, August 1995.
[3] J. S. Daba and M. R. Bell, "Statistical Distributions of Partially Developed Speckle Based on a Small Number of Constant Scatterers with Random Phase," IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, August 8-12, 1994.
[4] A. Abdi, S. Nader-Esfahani, J. Daba and M. R. Bell, "Comments on Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a Small Number of Random Scatterers," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 844-845, May 2000.
[5] J. Dubois and P. Jreije, "Advanced Stochastic Models for Partially Developed Speckle," 5th International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Science, and Engineering (CESSE 2008), organized by the World Congress on Science, Engineering, and Technology, Vienna, Austria, August 2008.
[6] J. Dubois, "Poisson Modulated Stochastic Model for Partially Developed Multi-Look Speckle," American Conference on Applied Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, March 2008.
[7] J. Dubois, "Scattering Statistics of Doppler Faded Acoustic Signals Using Speckle Noise Models," IEEE International Conference on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory, Lviv, Ukraine, Sept. 2003.
[8] J. Daba and M R. Bell, "Statistics of the Scattering Cross Section of a Collection of Constant Amplitude Scatterers with Random Phase," West Lafayette, IN, Purdue University, School of Electrical Engineering Technical Report, TR-EE 94-25, July 1994.
[9] J. Daba and P. Jreije, "Probability Distributions for Multiplicative Noise in Internet Associated Wireless Cells and in Speckled Images," Conference on Applied Mathematical Problems, Ukrainian Mathematical Congress, Kiev, Ukraine, August, 2009.
[10] R. Ayoubi, J. Dubois and O. Abdul-latif, "FPGA Implementation of a Novel Receiver Diversity Combining Technique," IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, Dubai, Nov. 2007.
[11] O. Abdul-Latif and J. Dubois, "LS-SVM Detector for RMSGC Diversity in SIMO Channels," IEEE International Conference on Information Sciences, Signal Processing and its Applications, Dubai, Feb. 2007.
[12] J. Dubois and O. Abdul-Latif, "Novel Diversity Combining in OFDMBased MIMO Systems," American Conference on Applied Mathematics, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2008.
[13] O. Abdul-Latif and J. Dubois, "Performance of UWB System in a Partially Developed Fading Channel with CCI," 5th IEEE GCC Communication and Signal Processing Conference, Kuwait, March 2009.
[14] J. P. Dubois, "Recent Advances in Wireless MIMO Sytems with Improved Receiver Diversity Combiners," in Annual Review of Communications: Volume 60, A. Sulluchuco, Editor, International Engineering Consortium (IEC), Chicago, USA, ISBN: 978-1-931695- 59-6, pp. 513 - 527, 2007.
[15] J. Daba and P. Jreije, "A Novel Receiver Diversity Combining Technique for Internet-Based 4G Wireless Communication", The 9th International Conference on Signal Processing, Robotic and Automation (ISPRA'10), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, February, 2010.