Removal of Deposits and Improvement of Shelf Life in CO2-Rich Mineral Water by Ozone-Microbubbles

Authors: Un Hwa Choe, Jong Hyon Choe, Yong Jun Kim

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to effectively remove Fe2+ by using ozone microbubbles in bottled mineral water to prevent sediment from occurring during storage and increase shelf life. By considering the characteristics of mineral water with low solubility of ozone and high CO2 content, a suitable ozone injection step was chosen and a mineral water treatment method using microbubbles was proposed. As a result of the treatment of the bottled mineral water with ozone microbubbles, the iron ion concentration was reduced from 0.14 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L, and the shelf life increased to 360 days. During the treatment, the concentrations of K+ and Na+ were almost unchanged, and the deposition time was reduced to one-third compared to the natural oxidation.

Keywords: CO2–rich mineral water, ozone-micro bubble, shelf life, bottled mineral water, water treatment.

References:

[1] Tsai, G. & Yu, S. (1997). Microbiological evaluation of bottled uncarbonated mineral water in Taiwan. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 37, 137–143.
[2] Franca, L., Lopez-Lopez, A., Rossello-Mora, R., da Costa, M. S., (2015). Microbial diversity and dynamics of a groundwater and a still bottled natural mineral water, Environmental Microbiology 17(3), 577-593. doi:10.1111/1462-1920.12430
[3] Zamberlan da Silva, M. E., Santana, R.G., Guilhermettic, M., Filho, I. C., Endo, E. H., Nakamura, T. U., Nakamura, C. V. & Dias Filho, B. P. (2008). Comparison of the bacteriological quality of tap water and bottled mineral water. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 211, 504–509. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.09.004
[4] Rodrigues V. (2015). Preliminary Evaluation of Enteric Viruses in Bottled Mineral Water Commercialized in Brazil. Beverages, 1, 141-147.
[5] Guler, C., Alpaslan, M., (2011). Chemical Characterization of Carbonated Natural Mineral Waters Produced in Turkey: Compliance with European Water Quality Standards, Clean – Soil, Air, Water ,39(11), 947-955. DOI:10.1002/clen.201000411
[6] European Community, Commission Directive 2003/40/EC of 16 May 2003 Establishing the List, Concentration Limits and Labelling Requirements for the Constituents of Natural Mineral Waters and the Conditions for Using Ozone-Enriched Air for the Treatment of Natural Mineral Waters and Spring Waters,Off. J. 2003, L126/34, 1.
[7] Gottschalk, C., Libra, J. A.& Saupe, A. (2000). Ozonation of Water and Waste Water, WILEY-VCH, 11-20.
[8] Beltrán, F. J. (2005). Ozone Reaction Kinetics for Water and Wastewater Systems. LEWIS PUBLISHERS, 7-25.
[9] Sander, R. (2015). Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15, 4399–4981.
[10] Azuma T., Otomo, K., Kunitou, M., Shimizu, M., Hosomaru, K., Mikata, S., Mino, Y. & Hayash, T. (2012). Removal of pharmaceuticals in water by introduction of ozonated microbubbles. Separation and Purification Technology, 212, 483-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.059
[11] Khuntia, S. Majumder, S. K. & Ghosh, P. (2013) Removal of Ammonia from Water by Ozone Microbubbles. American Chemical Society, 52, 318-326. dx.doi.org/10.1021/le302112p1
[12] Jabesa, A. & Ghosh, P. (2016). Removal of diethyl phthalate from water by ozone microbubbles in a pilot plant. Journal of Environmental Management, 180, 476-484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.072
[13] Wen, G., Liang, Z., Xu, X., Cao, R., Wan, Q., Ji, G., Lin, W., Wang, J., Yang, J.& Huang, T. (2020). Inactivation of fungal spores in water using ozone: Kinetics, influencing factors and mechanisms. Water Research, 185, 116218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116218
[14] Khuntia, S., Majumder, S. K. & Ghosh, P.(2015). Quantitative prediction of generation of hydroxyl radicals from ozone microbubbles. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 98, 231–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.04.003
[15] Khuntia, S., Majumder, S. K. & Ghosh, P. (2014) Oxidation of As(III) to As(V) using ozone microbubbles. Chemosphere, 97, 120–124. ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.046
[16] Rice, R. C. (1985). Handbook of ozone technology and applications, ANN ARBOR SCIENCE, 255-256.
[17] Zheng, T., Wang, Q., Zhang, T., Shi, Z., Tian, Y., Shi, S., Smale, N. & Wang, J. (2015). Microbubble enhanced ozonation process for advanced treatment of wastewater produced in acrylic fiber manufacturing industry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 287, 412–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.069
[18] De Moel, P.J., Verberk, J. Q. J.C. & van Dijk, J.C. (2007). Drinking Water Principles and Practices. World Scientific, 226-229.