Relationship between Behavioral Inhibition/Approach System and Perceived Stress: With White Blood Cell in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Authors: Amin Alvani

Abstract:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, often disabling disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of neurons in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between the Behavioral Inhibition/Approach System (BIS-BAS) and Perceived Stress (PS), while controlling for White Blood Cell (WBC) count. 60 MS patients (36.7% male, 63.3% female; aged 15-65 years) participated in this study. They completed a demographic questionnaire, underwent a complete blood cell (CBC) test, filled out the Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Scale (BIS-BAS), and responded to the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS-14). The results indicated a significant relationship between the BAS-Reward Responsiveness (BAS-RR) subscale and PS, particularly in a subset of MS patients with increased WBC counts.

Keywords: Behavioral inhibition/approach system, multiple sclerosis, perceived stress, white blood cell.

References:

[1] Frischer, JM., Bramow, S., Dal-Bianco, A., Lucchinetti, CF., Rauschka, H., Schmidbauer, M., Laursen, H., Sorensen, PS., Lassmann, H.,2009. The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains. Brain. 132(Pt 5):1175-89. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp070
[2] Yamout, B., Itani, S., Hourany, R., Sibaii, AM., Yaghi, S., 2010. The effect of war stress on multiple sclerosis exacerbations and radiological disease activity. J. Neurol. Sci. 288(1-2), 4-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.10.012
[3] Golan, D., Somer, E., Dishon, S., Cuzin-Disegni, L., Miller, A., 2008. Impac of exposure to war stress on exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. 64(2), 143-8. doi: 10.1002/ana.21409
[4] Li, J., Johansen, C., Bronnum-Hansen, H., Stenager, E.,Koch-Henriksen, N., Olsen, J., 2004. The risk of multiple sclerosis in bereaved parents: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark. Neurology. 62(5), 726-9.
[5] Mohr, DC., Goodkin, DE., Bacchetti, P., Boudewn, AC., Huang, L., Marrietta, P., Cheuk, W., Dee, B., 2000. Psychological stress and the subsequent appearance of new brain MRI lesions in MS. Neurology. 55(1), 55-61.
[6] Lecic-Tosevski, D., Vukovic, O., Stepanovic, J., 2011. Stress and personality. Psychiatriki . 22(4), 290-7.
[7] Heesen, C., Mohr, DC., Huiinga, I., Then Bergh, F., Gaab, J.,Otte, C., Gold,SM., 2007. Stress regulation in multiple sclerosis – current issues and concepts. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2(s), 143-148.
[8] Gold, SM., Mohr, DC, Huitinga, I., Flachenecker, P., Sternberg, EM., Heesen., C., 2005. The role of stress-response systems for the pathogenesis and progression of MS. Trends Immunol. 26(12), 644-652.
[9] Brown KW, Ryan RM., 2003. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 84(4), 822-848.
[10] Bränström, R., Duncan, LG., Moskowitz, JT., 2011. The association between dispositional mindfulness, psychological well-being, and perceived health in a Swedish population-based sample: influence of dispositional mindfulness. Br J Health Psychol. 16(2), 300-316.
[11] Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., Crawford, S., Carmody, J., Rosenthal, L., Ockene, I., 2012. Characteristics of dispositional mindfulness in patients with severe cardiac Patient. J. Evid. Based. Complementary. Altern. Med. 16(3), 218-225.
[12] Carson, A, J., 2014. Introducing a ‘neuropsychiatry' special issue: but what does that mean? J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 85, 121-122.
[13] Apazoglou, K., Mazzola, V., Wegrzyk, J., Polara, GF., Aybek, S., 2017. Biological and perceived stress in motor functional neurological disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 85, 142-150. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen
[14] Lazo, A., 2010. Integrating joiner's interpersonal psychological theory of suicide with the Rorschach, A dissertation submitted to the Wright Institute Graduate School of psychology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of psychology. Page 134.
[15] Lehrer, PM., Karavidaz, MK., Lu, SE., Feldman, J., Kranitz, L., Smarithy, A., Sanderson, W., Reynolds, R., 2008. Psychological treatment of co morbid asthma and panic disorder. J Anxiety Disorder. 22 (4), 83-671.
[16] Stamelou, M., Cossu, G., Edwards, M, J., Murgia, D., Parees, I., Melis, M., Bhatia, K, P., 2013. Familial psychogenic movement disorders. Mov.Disord. 28, 1295-1298.
[17] Frodl, T., 2017. Recent advances in predicting responses to antidepressant treatment, F1000 Faculty. Rev. 619. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.1 0300.1
[18] First, M, B., Spitzer, R, L., Gibbon, M., Williams, J, B, W., 2002. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorder, research version, non-patient edition (SCID-I/NP). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New psychiatric Institute.
[19] Carver, C. S., White, T.L., 1994. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and social Psychology. 67, 319-333. doi:110.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319.
[20] Jorm, A, F., Christensen, H. H., Henderson, A. S., Jacomb, P. A., Rodgers, B.B., 1999. Using the BIS/BAS scales to measure behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation: Factor structure, validity and norms in a large community sample. Personality and individual Differences. 26, 49-58. Doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98) 00143-3.
[21] Mohammadi, N., 2008. The psychometric properties of the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scales among students of Shiraz University (Persian text). Clinical Psychology. 1 (28), 61-68. http://cpap.shahed.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-250&slc_lang=en&Sid = 1
[22] Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., Mermelstein, R., 1983. A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 24,385-396.
[23] Ghorbani, F., Khosravani, V., Jamaati Ardakani, R., Alvani, A., Akbari, H., 2017.The alexithymia, cognitive emotion regulation, and physical symptoms in Iranian asthmatic patients. Psychiatry Res, 247, 144-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.015
[24] Herbert, TB., Cohen, SH., 1993. Stress and Immunity in Humans: A Mea-Analytic Review. Psychosomatic medicine. 55, 364-379.