Queering the (In)Formal Economy: Spatial Recovery and Anti-Vending Local Policies in the Global South
Authors: Lorena Munoz
Abstract:
Since the 1990s, cities in the Global South have implemented revanchist neoliberal urban regeneration policies that cater to urban elites based on “recovering” public space for capital accumulation purposes. These policies often work to reify street vending as survival strategies of ‘last resort’ for marginalized people and as an unorganized, unsystematic economic activities that needs to be disciplined, incorporated and institutionalized into the formal economy. This paper suggests that, by moving away from frameworks that reify formal/informal spheres of the economy, we are able to disrupt and rethink normative understandings of economic practices categorized as ‘informal’. Through queering economies, informal workers center their own understandings of self-value and legitimacy informing their economic lives and contributions to urban life. As such, queering the economy opens up possibilities of rethinking urban redevelopment policies that incorporate rather than remove street vendors, as their economic practices are incorporated into the everyday fabric and aesthetic of urban life.
Keywords: Informal economy, street vending, diverse economies, immigrant informal workers.
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 156References:
[1] Brenner N and Theodore N (2002) Cities and the geographies of ‘actually existing neoliberalism.’ Antipode 34(3): 349-379.
[2] Smith N (1996) The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. London and New York: Routledge.
[3] Galvis JP (2014) Remaking equality: Community governance and the politics of exclusion in Bogotá’s public spaces. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38(4): 1458-1475.
[4] Jose Alfredo Espinala, “Abinader dice ex alcalde de Nueva York Rudolph Giuliani seria su asesor en materia de seguridad,” Al Momento, February 16, 2016. Available at: http://almomento.net/ex-alcalde-ny-rudolph-giuliani-sera-asesor-seguridad-en-gobierno-prm/183806 (accessed 25 August 2017).
[5] Karla Zabludovsky, “Rudy Giuliani Was Paid Millions To Make Mexico City Safer And It May Not Have Worked,” Buzzfeed, November 17, 2016. Available at: https://www.buzzfeed.com/karlazabludovsky/rudy-giuliani-was-paid-millions-to-make-mexico-city-safer-an?utm_term=.ienjzzE4v#.tveaGG8QE.
[6] Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (2013) Enrique Peñalosa to UN: ‘Mobilityrights are human rights.’ ITDP, January 23. Available at: https://www.itdp.org/enrique-penalosa-to-un-mobility-rights-are-human-rights/
[7] Crossa, V (2016) Reading for difference on the street: De-homogenising street vending in Mexico City. Urban Studies 53(2): 287-301.
[8] Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, “Enrique Peñalosa to UN: “Mobility Rights are Human Rights,” January 23, 2013. Available at: https://www.itdp.org/enrique-penalosa-to-un-mobility-rights-are-human-rights/ (accessed 25 August 2017).
[9] Donovan, MG (2008). Informal cities and the contestation of public space: The case of Bogotá’s street vendors, 1988-2003. Urban Studies 45(1): 29-51.
[10] Dupont V (2011) The dream of Delhi as a global city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35(3): 533–554.
[11] Zabludovsky K (2016) Rudy Giuliani was paid Millions to make Mexico City safer and it maynot have worked.” Buzzfeed, November 17. Available at: https://www.buzzfeed.com/karlazabludovsky/rudy-giuliani-was-paid-millions-to-make-mexico-city-safer-an?utm_term=.ienjzzE4v#.tveaGG8QE (accessed 25 August 2017).
[12] Portes A, Castells M and Benton LA eds (1989) The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
[13] Roberts B (1994) Informal economy and family strategies.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 18(1): 6-12.
[14] Spalter-Roth RM (1988) Vending on the streets: City policy, gentrification, and public patriarchy.” In eds Bookman A and Morgen S Women and the Politics of Empowerment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp. 272-294.
[15] Thomas J (1992) Informal Economic Activity. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
[16] Thomas R and Thomas H (1994) The informal economy and local economic development policy. Local Government Studies 20(3): 486-501.
[17] Tockman EV (2001) Integrating the informal sector into the modernization process. SAIS Review 21(1): 45-60.
[18] Haritaworn, J (2008) Shifting positionalities: Empirical reflections on a queer/trans of colour methodology. Sociological Research Online 13(1): 13.
[19] Gibson-Graham JK (1996) The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It): A Feminist Critique of the Political Economy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
[20] Sweet E (2016) Locating migrant Latinas in a diverse economies framework: Evidence from Chicago. Gender, Place and Culture 23(1): 55-7.
[21] Williams CC and Round J (2007) Re-thinking the nature of the informal economy: Some lessons from Ukraine. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 31(2): 425- 44.
[22] Brown G (2015) Rethinking the origins of homonormativity: The diverse economies of ruralgay life in England and Wales in the 1970s and 1980s. Transactions 40 (4): 549-561.
[23] Muñoz L (2016) Entangled sidewalks: Queer street vendors in Los Angeles.” The Professional Geographer 68(2): 302-308.
[24] Gidwani V (2013) Six theses on waste, value, and commons. Social and Cultural Geography 14(7): 773-783.
[25] Heiliger E (2015) Queer economies, possibilities of queer desires and economic bodies (because‘the economy’ is not enough). In: eds Dhawan N, Engel A, Holzhey CFE and Woltersdorff V Global Justice and Desire: Queering Economy. New York: Routledge, pp. 195-212.
[26] Elbahnasawy NG, Ellis MA and Adom AD (2016) Political instability and the informal economy. World Development 85: 31-42.
[27] Communities Economies Collective (CEC) (2001) “Imagining and enacting noncapitalist futures.” Socialist Review 28(3-4): 3-135. Available at: http://www.communityeconomies.org/site/assets/media/old%20website%20pdfs/Papers/on%20rethinking%20the%20economy/Imagining%20and%20Enacting.pdf (accessed 25 August 2017).
[28] Schneider F (2015) In the shadow of the state - the informal economy and informal economy labor force. DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 5(4): 227-248.
[29] Rogerson CM (2016) Responding to informality in urban Africa: Street trading in Harare, Zimbabwe.” Urban Forum 27(2): 229-251.
[30] Mashaba H (2016) Changing Johannesburg into a city of golden opportunities. Daily Maverick, March 13. Available at: http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2016-03- 13-changing-johannesburg-into-a-city-of-golden-opportunities/#.V4yE7ZN95n4
[31] Herman Mashaba, “Changing Johannesburg into a city of golden opportunities,” Daily Maverick, March 13, 2016. Available at: http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2016-03-13-changing-johannesburg-into-a-city-of-golden-opportunities/#.V4yE7ZN95n4 (accessed 25 August 2017).