Environmental Impact of Sustainability Dispersion of Chlorine Releases in Coastal Zone of Alexandra: Spatial-Ecological Modeling

Authors: Mohammed El Raey, Moustafa Osman Mohammed

Abstract:

The spatial-ecological modeling is relating sustainable dispersions with social development. Sustainability with spatial-ecological model gives attention to urban environments in the design review management to comply with Earth’s system. Naturally exchanged patterns of ecosystems have consistent and periodic cycles to preserve energy flows and materials in Earth’s system. The Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) technique is utilized to assess the safety of an industrial complex. The other analytical approach is the Failure-Safe Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for critical components. The plant safety parameters are identified for engineering topology as employed in assessment safety of industrial ecology. In particular, the most severe accidental release of hazardous gaseous is postulated, analyzed and assessment in industrial region. The IAEA-safety assessment procedure is used to account the duration and rate of discharge of liquid chlorine. The ecological model of plume dispersion width and concentration of chlorine gas in the downwind direction is determined using Gaussian Plume Model in urban and rural areas and presented with SURFER®. The prediction of accident consequences is traced in risk contour concentration lines. The local greenhouse effect is predicted with relevant conclusions. The spatial-ecological model is predicted for multiple factors distribution schemes of multi-criteria analysis. The input–output analysis is explored from the spillover effect, and we conducted Monte Carlo simulations for sensitivity analysis. Their unique structure is balanced within “equilibrium patterns”, such as the composite index for biosphere with collective structure of many distributed feedback flows. These dynamic structures are related to have their physical and chemical properties and enable a gradual and prolonged incremental pattern. While this spatial model structure argues from ecology, resource savings, static load design, financial and other pragmatic reasons, the outcomes are not decisive in an artistic/architectural perspective. The hypothesis is deployed to unify analytic and analogical spatial structure in development urban environments using optimization loads as an example of integrated industrial structure where the process is based on engineering topology of systems ecology.

Keywords: Spatial-ecological modeling, spatial structure orientation impact, composite structure, industrial ecology.

References:

[1] Perla J, Tonetti C and Waugh M E, (2021) “Equilibrium Technology Diffusion, Trade, and Growth”, American Economic Review, Vol. (111)(1): pp. 73-128, 2021.
[2] Rajput S P S, Datta S, (2020) “Sustainable and Green Manufacturing–A Narrative Literature Review”, Mater. Today Proc., 2020.
[3] Couckuyt D, Van Looy A, (2019) “Green BPM as a Business-Oriented Discipline: A Systematic Mapping Study and Research Agenda”, Sustainability, Vol.11: pp. 4200, 2019.
[4] Kumar, R, Singh S P, Lamba K, (2018) “Sustainable robust layout using Big Data approach: A key towards industry 4.0”, J. Clean Prod., Vol. 204: pp. 643–659, 2018.
[5] Lai K H, Wong C W Y, (2012) “Green Logistics Management and Performance: Some Empirical Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Exporters”, Omega Vol. 40: pp. 267–282, 2012.
[6] Johann Heinrich von Thünen, (1826) “Der isolirte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirtschaft und Nationalökonomie”, Wirtschaft and Financial, 1826. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21988453. Accessed 16 May 2023.
[7] Heinrich Wiskemann: Die antike Landwirtschaft und das von Thünen’sche Gesetz. Aus den alten Schriftstellern dargelegt. Hirzel, Leipzig1859. https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de. Accessed 16 May 2023.
[8] Henry Ludwell Moore, (1895) “Von Thünen's Theory of Natural Wages”, G. H. Ellis, 1895. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822385646-016. Accessed 16 May 2023.
[9] H. Schumacher-Zarchlin, (1875) “Der isolirte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirtschaft und Nationalökonomie”, Wiegant, Hempel and Parey., 1875. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.24798. Accessed 16 May 2023.
[10] Joun Yuan, "A Strategy to Establish a Reliability Model with Dependent Component through FMEA", Reliability Engineering, 11(1985) 37-48.
[11] CHEMS-PLUS, Arther D Little, Inc Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, Version 1.0 July, 1988.
[12] Fujita M and Krugman P (2004) “The New Economic Geography: where now, and to where”, Papers in Regional Science 83(1): pp. 139-164, 2004.
[13] Gayatri A and Bennett L L, (2001) “Valuing Open Space and Land-Use Patterns in Urban Watersheds”, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Vol. 22(2-3): pp. 221-237.
[14] Geoghegan J, Wainger L and Bockstael N E, (1997) “Spatial Landscape Indices in a Hedonic Framework: An Ecological Economics Analysis Using GIS”, Ecological Economics. Vol. 233: pp.251- 64, 1997.
[15] Edwin H W Chan, Queena K Qian, Patrick T I Lam, (2009) “The Market for Green Building in Developed Asian Cities- The Perspectives of Building Designers”, Energy Policy, Vol. 37: pp.3061-3070, 2009.
[16] Chinese National Standards (GB/T 50378-2006), “Evaluation Standard for Green Building”, Beijing, China Building Industry Press, 2006.
[17] US global change research program, (2009) “Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States”, 2009.
[18] Wang W, Zmeureanua R, Rivard H, (2005) “Applying multi-objective genetic algorithms in green building design optimization. Building and Environment Vol. 40(11): pp.1512–25, 2005.
[19] Thormark C, (2006) “The effect of material choice on the total energy need and recycling potential of a building”, Building and Environment, Vol. 41(8): pp. 1019–26, 2006.
[20] Wang W, Zmeureanua R, Rivard H, (2005) “Applying multi-objective genetic algorithms in green building design optimization”, Building and Environment, Vol. 40(11): pp.1512–25. 2005
[21] Aste N, Angelotti A, Buzzetti M, (2009) “The influence of the external thermal inertia on the energy performance of well insulated buildings”, Energy Build, Vol. 41(11):1181–7, 2009.
[22] Sokolowski J A, Banks C M, (2009) “Principles of Modeling and Simulation”, John Wiley & Son. p. 6, 2009. ISBN 978-0-470-28943-3.
[23] Zeigler B P, Praehofer H and Kim T G, (2000) “Theory of Modeling and Simulation: Integrating Discrete Event and Continuous Complex Dynamic Systems”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000.
[24] Irwin E G, Bell K P and Geoghegan J, (2003) “Modeling and Managing Urban Growth at the Rural-Urban Fringe: Evidence from a Model of Residential Land Use Change”, Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Vol. 32(1): pp. 83-102, 2003.
[25] Naqi A and Jang J G, (2019) “Recent Progress in Green Cement Technology Utilizing Low-Carbon Emission Fuels and Raw Materials: A Review”, Sustainability, Vol. 11: pp. 537, 2019.
[26] Tong H H, Yao Z Y, Lim J W, Mao L W, Zhang J X, Ge T S, Peng Y H, Wang C H, and Tong Y W, (2018) “Harvest green energy through energy recovery from waste: A technology review and an assessment of Singapore”, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., Vol. 98: pp. 163–178, 2018.
[27] Ahn D G, (2016) “Direct Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes and Their Sustainable Applications for Green Technology: A Review”, Int. J. Precis Eng Manuf-Green Technol. Vol. 3: pp. 381–395, 2016.
[28] Purohit D, and Malvi B, (2019) “Review on Green Technology for Sustainable Development”, Am. J. Eng. Res. (AJER), Vol.8: pp. 296–300, 2019.
[29] Jeong Y J, Kang I, Choi S K, and Lee B H, (2018) “Network Analysis on Green Technology in National Research and Development Projects in Korea”, Sustainability, Vol.10: pp. 1043, 2018
[30] Mukhtarova K, Trifilova A, and Zhidebekkyzy A, (2016) “Commercialization of Green Technologies: An Exploratory Literature Review”, J. Int. Stud., Vol. 9: pp. 75–87, 2016
[31] Matsebula F, Mnkandla E, (2016) “Information systems innovation adoption in higher education: Big data and analytics”, In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering (ICACCE); IEEE: Durban, South Africa, 2016; pp. 326–329, 2016.
[32] Patel D, Kellici S, and Saha B, (2014) “Green Process Engineering as the Key to Future Processes”, Processes Vol. 2: pp. 311–332, 2014.
[33] Cheng C C J, Yang C, and Sheu C, (2014) “The Link between Eco-Innovation and Business Performance: A Taiwanese Industry Context”, J. Clean. Prod., Vol. 64: pp. 81–90, 2014.
[34] Wang L, Lu K, Liu P, Ranjan R, and Chen L, (2014) “IK-SVD: Dictionary Learning for Spatial Big Data via Incremental Atom Update”, Comput. Sci. Eng, Vol. 16: pp. 41–52, 2014.
[35] Brown, Ronald, Higgins, Philip J, Sivera, and Rafael, (2011) “Nonabelian Algebraic Topology: Filtered Spaces, Crossed Complexes, Cubical Homotopy Groupoids, European Mathematical Society Tracts in Mathematics, Vol. 15, European Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-3-03719-083-8, archived from the original on 2009-06-04,
[36] Maunder C R F, (1970) “Algebraic Topology”, London, Van Nostrand Reinhold, ISBN 0-486-69131-4.
[37] Tammo tom Dieck, (2008) “Algebraic Topology”, EMS Textbooks in Mathematics, European Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-3-03719-048-7
[38] Erl T, (2005) “Service-Oriented Architecture: Concepts, Technology and Design”, Prentice Hall, July 2005.
[39] Haldar Achintya, and Mahadevan Sankaran, (2000) “Reliability Assessment Using Stochastic Finite Element Analysis", John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0471369615
[40] Tseng, Z Jack, (2021) “Rethinking the use of finite element simulations in comparative biomechanics research”, PeerJ vol. 9 e11178. 7 Apr. 2021, doi:10.7717/peerj.11178
[41] Georg Jung, Tiziana Margaria, Ralf Nagel, Wolfgang Schubert, Bernhard Steffen, and Horst Voigt, (2007) “SCA and jABC: Bringing a Service-Oriented Paradigm to Web-Service”, IEEE Computer, IEEE Press, November 2007.
[42] Richmond B G, Wright B W, Grosse I, Dechow P C, Ross C F, Spencer M A, Strait D S, (2005) “Finite Element Analysis in Functional Morphology”, Anatomical Record, Part A, Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology, Vol.283: pp.259–274. 2005.
[43] Vuong Q –H, (2021) “The Semiconducting Principle of Monetary and Environmental Values Exchange”, Economics and Business Letters, Vol. 10 (3): pp. 284–290, 2021. doi:10.17811/ebl.10.3.2021.284-290.
[44] Bernardi E, Carlucci S, Cornaro C, Bohne R A, (2017) “An Analysis of The Most Adopted Rating Systems for Assessing the Environmental Impact of Buildings”, Sustainability. 2017 Jul 13; Vol. 9(7): pp.1226 Layer of flux modeling (from the previous paper)
[45] Ankur Gupta, Cristian Borcea, Achir Kalra, Quentin Jones, Liviu Iftode, (2009) “MobiSoC: a middleware for mobile social computing: Challenges, Design, and Early Experiences”, Mobile Networking Applications, Springer, 2009.
[46] Bilandzic M, Foth M, and A de Luca, (2008) “CityFloks: Designing Social Navigation for Urban Mobile Information Systems”, DIS 2008, ACM Press, February 2008.
[47] Hansen F A, and Gronbaek K, (2008) “Social Web Applications in the City: A Lightweight Infraestructure for Urban Computing”, HT 2008, ACM Press, June 2008.
[48] Kjeldskov J, and Paay J, (2006) “Public Service Computing: Making the Invisible Visible”, IEEE Computer, IEEE Press, September 2006.
[49] Daniel S, Tsoulfas G, Pappis C, and Rachaniotis N, (2004) “Aggregating and evaluating the Results of Different Environmental Impact Assessment Methods”, Ecological Indicators, Vol. 4 (2): pp. 125–138, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2004.01.003.
[50] Hitzschky K, and Silviera, J, (2009) “A proposed impact assessment method for genetically modified plants (As-GMP method)”, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 29 (6): pp. 348–368, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2009.02.006.
[51] Peche R, and Rodriguez E, (2009) “Environmental impact Assessment procedure: A new approach based on Fuzzy logic”, Environmental Impact Assessment review, Vol. 29: pp. 275–283, 2009.
[52] Cotton Roger, Emond D. Paul, and John Swaigen (ed.), (1981) “Environmental Impact Assessment”, Environmental Rights in Canada. Toronto, Ontario: Butterworths, 1981.
[53] Margaria T, Steffen B, Reitenspieß M, (2005) “Service-Oriented Design: The Roots”, In: Benatallah B, Casati F, Traverso, P (eds.) ICSOC 2005. LNCS, Vol. 3826: pp. 450–464. Springer, Heidelberg (2005).
[54] Lynn Govaert, Emanuel A. Fronhofer, S_ebastien Lion, Christophe Eizaguirre, Dries Bonte, Martijn Egas, Andrew P. Hendry, Ayana De Brito Martins, Carlos J Melián, Joost A. M. Raeymaekers, Irja I. Ratikainen, Bernt-Erik Saether, Jennifer A. Schweitzer and Blake Matthews,( 2018) “Eco-evolutionary Feedbacks-theoretical Models and Perspectives”, Function Ecology, Vol. 33(1): pp.13-33, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435-13241.
[55] Aström K J, and Murray R M, (2008) “Feedback Systems: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers”, Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, p. 1, 2008.
[56] Raymond F. Boykin, Raymond A. Freeman and Reuven R. Levary, "Risk assessment in chemical storage facility" Man. Sci., 30(4), April, 1984,512-17.
[57] Gard P T, (2001) “Fast and Innovative Delivery of High-Performance Building: Design-Build Delivers with Less Owner Liability”, Strategic planning for energy and the environment, 2004 Apr 1, Vol. 23(4): pp7-22, 2004.
[58] Martin H, Lewis T M, Petersen A, (2016) “Factors affecting the choice of construction project delivery in developing oil and gas economies”, Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2016 May 3, Vol. 12(3): pp.170-88, 2016.
[59] Naoum S, Egbu C, (2015) “Critical Review of Procurement Method”, Research in Construction Journals, Procedia Economics and Finance, 2015 Jan 1, Vol. 21: pp. 6-13, 2015.
[60] Awadh O, (2017) “Sustainability and Green Building Rating Systems: LEED, BREEAM, GSAS and Estidama Critical Analysis”, Journal of Building Engineering, 2017 May 31; Vol. 11: pp. 25-9, 2017.
[61] Herazo B, Lizarralde G, (2015) “The influence of Green Building Certifications in Collaboration and Innovation Processes”, Construction Management and Economics, 2015 Apr 3; Vol. 33(4): pp.279-98, 2015.
[62] Pasquill, F., "Atmospheric Diffusion", 2nd Edition, Wiley, New York, 1974
[63] Hosker R. P., IAEA_SM_181-19, Vienna, 1974, 291-309.
[64] Su J G, Apte J S, Lipsitt J, Garcia-Gonzales D A, Beckerman B S, de Nazelle A, Texcalac-Sangrador J L, Jerrett M, (2015) “Populations Potentially Exposed to Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Seven World Cities”, Environ. Int. 2015, Vol.78: pp. 82–89, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.007
[65] Lesage J P and Pace R K, eds. (2004) “Spatial and Spatiotemporal Econometrics”, Advances in Econometrics, Volume 18, Oxford, England: Elsevier Publishing, 2004.
[66] Karner A A, Eisinger D S, Niemeier D A, (2010) “Near-Roadway Air Quality: Synthesizing the Findings from Real-World Data”, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, Vol. 44 (14): pp. 5334–5344, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1021/es100008x.
[67] Lesage J P, (2004) “A Family of Geographically Weighted Regression Models,” in Anselin, Florax, and Rey (eds.), Advances in Spatial Econometrics Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp.241-264, 2004.
[68] Staal S.J., Baltenweck, I., Waithaka, M.M., de Wolff, T., and L. Njoroge. 2002. “Location and Uptake: Integrated Household and GIS Analysis of Technology Adoption and Land Use, With Application to Smallholder Dairy Farms in Kenya”, Agricultural Economics, Vol. 27: pp. 295-315, 2002.
[69] Ohnsorge F L, Stocker and Some M Y, (2016) “Quantifying Uncertainties in Global Growth Forecasts”, Policy Research Working Paper 7770, World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016.
[70] Steiner Achim, (15 December 2020) “The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene”, UNDP. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
[71] Ehlers, Eckart, Moss C, Krafft Thomas, (2006) “Earth System Science in the Anthropocene: Emerging issues and problems”, Springer Science Business Media. ISBN 9783540265900.
[72] Dixon Simon J, Viles Heather A, Garrett, Bradley L, (2018) “Ozymandias in the Anthropocene: The City as an Emerging Landform”, Area. Vol. 50: pp. 117–125, 2018 doi: 10.1111/area.12358. ISSN 1475-4762
[73] Jensen P D, (2011) “Reinterpreting Industrial Ecology”, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 15 (5): pp. 680–692, 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00377.x. S2CID 9188772.
[74] John Ehrenfeld, (2004) “Can Industrial Ecology be the Science of Sustainability?”, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 8 (1–2): pp. 1–3, 2004.
[75] Vincent Julian F V, Bogatyreva Olga A, Bogatyrev Nikolaj R, Bowyer Adrian, Pahl Anja-Karina, (21 August 2006) “Biomimetics: its Practice and Theory”, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, Vol. 3 (9): pp. 471–482, 2006. doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0127. PMC 1664643. PMID 16849244.
[76] Masterman J, (2001) “An Introduction to Building Procurement Systems”, Routledge; 2003 Sep 2
[77] Robinson H, Symonds B, Gilbertson B, Ilozor B, editors. “Design Economics for the Built Environment: Impact of Sustainability on Project Evaluation”, John Wiley & Sons; 2015 Jun 15.
[78] Naoum SG, and Egbu C (2016) “Modern selection criteria for procurement methods in construction: A state-of-the-art literature review and a survey”, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. 2016 Apr 4; Vol. 9(2): pp309-36, 2016.
[79] Buntaine M T, Parks B C, (2013) “When Do Environmentally Focused Assistance Projects Achieve Their Objectives? Evidence from World Bank post project evaluations”, Global Environmental Politics. 2013 May; Vol 13(2): pp. 65- 88, 2013.
[80] Chan A P, Chan A P, (2004) “Key performance Indicators for Measuring Construction Success Benchmarking: an International Journal”, 2004 Apr 1; Vol. 11(2): pp. 203-21, 2004.
[81] Liu AM, Walker A, (1988) “Evaluation of Project Outcomes”, Construction Management & Economics, 1998 Mar 1; Vol. 16(2): pp, 209-19, 1988.
[82] Erik Cohen, David F. Aberle, Leopoldo J. Bartolomé, Lynton K. Caldwell, Aristide H. Esser, Donald L. Hardesty, Riaz Hassan, H. Dieter Heinen, Jiro Kawakita, Olga F. Linares, Partha Pratim Majumder, Albyn Knight Mark and Harald Tambs-Lyche, (March, 1976) “Environmental Orientations: A Multidimensional Approach to Social Ecology”, Current Anthropology, Vol. 17 (1): pp. 49-70, (22 pages), Published By: The University of Chicago Press.
[83] Volker Grimm and Steven F Railsback, (2012) “Pattern-oriented modelling: a ‘multi-scope’ for predictive systems ecology”, 19 January 2012. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0180
[84] Bamgbade J A, Kamaruddeen A M, Nawi M N M, Adeleke A Q, and Maruf Gbadebo Salimon, (2019) “Analysis of some factors driving ecological sustainability in construction firms”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 208, 20 January 2019, Pages 1537-1545 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.229
[85] Stamatelatos M.G., Evlerline C.J., Ligon D.M., "Risk Assessment for Selection of a Chemical Munitions Disposal Alternative", Reliability Engineering 27 (1990) 179-212.
[86] Technica Report, "Risk Assessment for Acute Exposure", Proposal for Technica by Environmental Resources Limited April, 1984.