A Review on Recycled Materials Used in Construction
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 33122
A Review on Recycled Materials Used in Construction

Authors: Oghenerukome Akponovo, Lynda I. Onyebuchukwu

Abstract:

Construction waste, along with that of many other industries, contributes significantly to the world's annual solid waste totals. Most of these materials, such as ash from rice hulls, slags, cement kiln dust, tire ash, plastic waste (PW), and silica fumes, end up in landfills or waterways. Some of them might even end up polluting the air from high in the atmosphere. It is sustainable, cheap, and environmentally friendly to recycle these items into new building supplies. When constructing a "green" structure, the materials employed have the potential to either exacerbate environmental imbalance or maintain a stable ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to take stock of what is already known about recycling's potential in the construction industry and to identify its deficiencies. Therefore, this study systematically reviews the wide range of recycled materials that go into building construction. In the construction industry, the utilization of recycled materials plays a significant role in environmental conservation, and a thorough investigation into these materials could potentially yield substantial economic benefits if appropriately harnessed.

Keywords: Paper waste, rice grain husks, recycled materials, waste management.

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 257

References:


[1] D. O. Olukanni, O. O. Akinyinka, A. N. Ede, A. N. and I. I. Akinwumi, “Appraisal of municipal solid waste management, its effect and resource potential in a semi-urban city: a case study, “Journal of South African Business Research, 2014, pp. 1-13.
[2] S. Kaza, L. Yao, P. Bhada-Tata, and F. Van Woerden, “What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050,” World Bank Publications, 2018.
[3] World-Counts, "Tons of solid waste generated," The World Counts, theworldcounts.com 2020.
[4] T. Rajaratnam and G. Lamb, "Waste Classifications in Australia: A comparison of waste classifications in the Australian Waste Database with current jurisdictional classifications," Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australia2011.
[5] F. Wahid, M. Allan, S. Rafat, M. Priyan, Z. Yan, W. Hong, L. Weena, A. Thiru and S. Peter, “Recycling of landfill wastes (tyres, plastics and glass) in construction – A review on global waste generation, performance, application and future opportunities, “Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021, vol. 173. 105745.
[6] R. Islam, T. Nazifa, A. Yuniarto, A. Uddin, S. Salmiati, S. Shahid, “An empirical study of construction and demolition waste generation and implication of recycling, “Waste Manag. 2019, vol. 95, vol. 10–21.
[7] Z. Tang, W. Li, V. Tam, and C. Xue “Advanced progress in recycling municipal and construction solid wastes for manufacturing sustainable construction materials,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2020, 6, 100036.
[8] M. Yeheyis, K. Hewage, M. Alam, C. Eskicioglu, and R. Sadiq, “An overview of construction and demolition waste management in Canada: A lifecycle analysis approach to sustainability,” Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 2013, vol. 15, pp. 81–91.
[9] S. Ulubeyli, A. Kazaz, V. Arslan, “Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling Plants Revisited: Management Issue,” Procedia Eng. 2017, vol. 172, pp. 1190–1197.
[10] Z. Balador, M. Gjerde, and N. Isaacs, Influential Factors on Using Reclaimed and Recycled Building Materials in Sustainability in Energy and Buildings.
[11] H. Caldera, C. Desha, and L. Dawes, “Transforming manufacturing to be ‘good for planet and people through enabling lean and green thinking in small and medium-sized enterprises,” Sustain. Earth 2019, vol. 2, p. 4.
[12] N. Bocken, I. De Pauw, C. Bakker, and B. Van Der Grinten, “Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy,” J. Ind. Prod. Eng. 2016, 33, 308–320.
[13] T. Groves, “Reduce, reuse, recycle,” Bmj Clinical Research, 336 (7650).
[14] D. Moher, A. Liberati, J. Tetzlaff, and D. Altman, “Prisma Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The Prisma Statement,” PLoS Med. 2009, 6, e1000097.
[15] D. Denyer, and D. Tranfield, “Producing a Systematic Review. In The Sage Handbook of Organizational Research Methods” Buchanan, D.A., Bryman, A., Eds.; Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2009.
[16] G. Goel, V. Milica N. Vasić, S. Kumar, S.K. Kirthika, M. Pezo, and P. Dinakar, “Potential pathway for recycling of the paper mill sludge compost for brick making”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 278, 2021, 122384, ISSN 0950-0618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122384.
[17] M. Sakr, A. Nazir, W. Azzam, and N. Osama “Improving the Soft Clay using Seashell and Eggshell for Road Construction” Journal of Engineering Research, vol.70, 2022.
[18] K. Onyelowe, “Nanosized palm bunch ash (NPBA) stabilization of lateritic soil for construction purposes,” International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 13:1, pp. 83-91, 2019.
[19] M. Chen, Y. Zheng, X. Zhou, L. Li, S. Wang, P. Zhao, L. Lu, and X. Cheng, “Recycling of paper sludge powder for achieving sustainable and energy-saving building materials,” Construction and Building Materials, vol.229, 2019, 116874.
[20] J. António, A. Tadeu, B. Marques, J. Almeida, and V. Pinto, “Application of rice husk in the development of new composite boards,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 176, pp. 432–439, 2018.
[21] A. Antunes, P, Faria, V, Silva, and A. Brás, “Rice husk-earth based composites: A novel bio-based panel for buildings refurbishment,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 221. pp. 99-108, 2019.
[22] J.W. Chew, S. Poovaneshvaran, M. Hasan, M. Hamzah, J. Valentin, and A. Sani, “Microscopic analysis and mechanical properties of Recycled Paper Mill Sludge modified asphalt mixture using granite and limestone aggregates,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 243, 2020,118172.
[23] R. Dachowski, and P. Kostrzewa-Demczuk, “The Use of Waste Materials in the Construction Industry. Procedia Engineering,” vol. 161, pp. 754-758.
[24] C. Nwakaire, P. Yap, C. Onn, C. Yuen, and S. Moosavi, “Utilization of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Sustainable Porous Asphalt Pavements,” The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, vol. 17 (1), pp. 117-142, 2022.
[25] S. Agyeman, N. Obeng-Ahenkora, S. Assiamah, and G. Twumasi, “Exploiting recycled plastic waste as an alternative binder for paving blocks production,” Case Studies in Construction Materials. 11, 2019.
[26] F.S. Khalid, J.M. Irwan, M.H. Wan Ibrahim, N. Othman, and S. Shahidan, “Performance of plastic wastes in fiber-reinforced concrete beams,” Construction and Building Materials, 183, 2018, 451-464.
[27] K. Dissanayake, D. Weerasinghe, K. Wijesinghe, and K. Kalpage, “Developing a compression molded thermal insulation panel using postindustrial textile waste,” Waste Management, vol. 79, pp. 356-361, 2018.
[28] O. Mohamed, E. Karima, L. Najma and G. Mohammed, “Thermal study of clay bricks reinforced by sisal-fibers used in construction in south of Morocco” Energy Reports Vol. 6, pp. 81-88, 2020.
[29] R. Anand, Manju and S. Sathya, “Use of Plastic Waste in Bituminous Pavement,” International Journal of Chemtech Research, vol. 10, pp. 804-811, 2017.
[30] W. Yee Choong, A. Karam and M. Norhayati, “Recycling of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) for building products: Concept of processing framework from automotive to construction industries in Malaysia” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 190, pp. 285–302 2018.
[31] W. Xinpeng, S. Zhonghe, S. Qiulei, L, Zhen, B.Ming, L. Zhijie and W. Shuo, “Optimized treatment of recycled construction and demolition waste in developing sustainable Ultra-High-Performance Concrete” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 221, 2019.
[32] H. G. Rodrigo, S. Janaína, C. Sofia, F. Luiz and C. Gladis, “Pressured recycled gypsum plaster and wastes: Characteristics of eco-friendly building components,” Construction and Building Materials, vol.191, pp. 136-144, 2018.
[33] K. Mahdi, A. Pedram, T. Behzad, M. Ehsan, S.Ashkan, and S.Prabir, “Influence of different monomer ratios and recycled concrete aggregate on mechanical properties and durability of geopolymer concretes,” Construction and Building Materials, 205, pp. 519-528, 2019.
[34] R. Rafael, V. William, and M. Ruby “Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) Recycling -As Both Binder and Aggregates- In Alkali-Activated Materials: A Novel Re-Use Concept,” Sustainability. 12. 5775, 2020.
[35] M. Mian, X. Zeng, A. Nasry, and S. Al-Hamadani, “Municipal solid waste management in China: A comparative analysis. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 2017, vol. 19, pp. 1127–1135.
[36] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables; Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.241; UN: New York, NY, USA, 2015; Available online: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf
[37] M. Sutcu, H. Alptekin, E. Erdogmus, Y. Er, and O. Gencel, “Characteristics of fired clay bricks with waste marble powder addition as building materials,” Construct. Build. Mater, vol. 82, 2015, pp. 1–8.
[38] G. Goel, and A. Kalamdhad, “An investigation on use of paper mill sludge in brick manufacturing” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 148, pp. 334–343, 2017.
[39] G. Goel, and A. Kalamdhad, “Degraded municipal solid waste as partial substitute for manufacturing fired bricks,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 155, pp. 259–266, 2017.
[40] B. Ngayakamo, and O.Azikiwe, “Recent advances in green processing technologies for valorization of eggshell waste for sustainable construction materials,” Heliyon. 8. e09649, 2022.
[41] M.J. Munir, S.M.S. Kazmi, Y.F. Wu, A. Hanif, and M.U.A. Khan, “Thermally efficient fired clay bricks incorporating waste marble sludge: an industrial-scale study,” J. Clean. Prod. 174 (2018)
[42] S.N. Malkanthi, N. Balthazaar, and A. Perera, “Lime stabilization for compressed stabilized earth blocks with reduced clay and silt, Case Stud.” Constr. Mater, vol. 12, 2020.
[43] I.I. Obianyo, A.P. Onwualu, and A.B.O. Soboyejo, “Mechanical behavior of lateritic soil stabilized with bone ash and hydrated lime for sustainable building applications, Case Stud.” Constr. Mater.vol. 12 2020.
[44] N. Tangboriboon, S. Moonsri, A. Netthip, W. Sangwan, and A. Sirivat, “Enhancing physical-thermal-mechanical properties of fired clay bricks by eggshell as a bio- filler and flux,” Sci. Sinter, vol. 51, 2019.
[45] C. Efftinga, M.V. Folguerasb, S. Güthsc, O.E. Alarconc, “Microstructural characterization of ceramic floor tiles with the incorporation of wastes from ceramic tile industries” Mater. Res, vol. 13 (3), pp.319–323, 2010.
[46] B. Ngayakamo, A.M. Aboubakar, C.G. Komadja, A. Bello, and A.P. Onwualu, “Eco-friendly use of eggshell powder as a bio-filler and flux material to enhance technological properties of fired clay bricks. Inst. Eng,vol. 27, 2021.
[47] J. Alex, J. Dhanalakshmi, and B. Ambedkar, “Experimental investigation on rice husk ash as cement replacement on concrete production”, Construction and Build Materials, vol. 127, pp. 353–362, 2016.
[48] J. P. Broomfield, Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, Understanding, Investigation, and Repair, E & FN SPON, 2006
[49] R. R. Hussain, and T. Ishida, “Critical Carbonation Depth for Initiation of Steel Corrosion in Fully Carbonated Concrete and Development of Electrochemical Carbonation Induced Corrosion Model”, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 4, pp. 1178-1195, 2009.
[50] N. Kad, and M. Vinod, “Review research paper on influence of rice husk ash on the properties of concrete”, International Journal of Research, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 873–877, 2015
[51] B. Ologunagba, A. S. Daramola, and A. O. Aliu, “Feasibility of using Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 267–269, 2015
[52] H. Thanh, K. Siewert, and H. M. Ludwig, “Alkali-silica reaction in mortar formulated from self-compacting high-performance concrete containing rice husk ash”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 88, pp. 10–19, 2015.
[53] C. Sata, K. Jaturapitakkul, and K. Kiattikomol, “Influence of pozzolan from various by-product materials on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1589–1598, 2007.
[54] S. K. Antiohos, J. G. Tapali, M. Zervaki, J. Sousa-Coutinho, S. Tsimas, and V. G. Papadakis, “Low embodied energy cement containing untreated Rha: a strength development and durability study”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 49, pp. 455–463, 2013
[55] N. D. Bheel, S. L. Meghwar, S. A. Abbasi, L. C. Marwari, J. A. Mugeri, and R. A. Abbasi, “Effect of rice husk ash and water-cement ratio on strength of concrete”, International Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 2373-2382, 2018
[56] P. K. Mehta, and D. Pirtz, “Use of rice husk ash to reduce the temperature in high strength mass concrete”, International Concrete Abstracts Portal, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 60–63, 1978
[57] M. Akhter, “Experimental Study on Effect of Wood Ash on Strength of Concrete”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 1252–1254, 2017.
[58] M. Malhotra, and P. K. Mehta, Pozzolanic and Cementitious Materials, Taylor & Francis, 2004.
[59] M. Nevile, and J. J. Brooks, Concrete Technology, Longman Scientific and Technical, 1990.
[60] S. Rukzon, P. Chindaprasirt, and R. Mahachai, “Effect of grinding on chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash”, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 242-247, 2009.
[61] R. Dhawan, B. Mohan, S. Bisht, R. Kumar, and S. Kumari, “Recycling of plastic waste into tiles with reduced flammability and improved tensile strength process” Saf, Environ. Prot, vol. 124, pp. 299–307, 2019.
[62] P.M. Subramanian, “Plastics recycling and waste management in the US,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 28, pp. 253–263, 2000.
[63] P.O. Awoyera, and A. Adesina,“Plastic wastes to construction products: Status, limitations and future perspective,” Case Studies in Construction Materials, 12, e00330, 2020.
[64] M. Freney, “Earthships: sustainable housing alternative,” Int. J. Sustain. Des, vol. 1, no. 2, 223e240, 2009.
[65] B. Yesilata, H. Bulut, and P. Turgut, “Experimental study on thermal behavior of a building structure using rubberized exterior-walls” Energy Build., vol. 43, no. 2,393e399, 2011.
[66] Aziz, A.A., Rao, S.P., Salleh, E., 2013. Waste tires as heat sink to reduce the driveway surface temperatures in Malaysia. J. Des. Built Environ. 13 (1).
[67] I. Muhammad Azzam, and A. Fahanim, “Smart and Cool Home in Malaysia" Paper Presented at the Advanced Materials Research, vol. 224, pp. 115–9, 2011.
[68] Cheang, M., Foundation of Tires, 2009.
[69] D. L. Presti, "Recycled tire rubber modified bitumen for road asphalt mixtures: A literature review," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 49, pp. 863-881, 2013.
[70] H. Hazarika and Y. Fukumoto, "Sustainable solution for seawall protection against tsunami-induced damage," International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 16, no. 5, p. C4016005, 2016.
[71] P. Villoria-Sáez, and M. Osmani, “Diagnosis of construction and demolition waste generation and recovery practice in the European Union”J. Clean. Prod., 241, 118400, 2019.
[72] R. Dhir, J. Brito, R. Silva, and C. QunLye, Use of Recycled Aggregates in Geotechnical Applications in Sustainable Construction Materials Recycled Aggregates; Woodhead Publishing: Duxford, UK, 2019; pp. 419–450.
[73] R. Silva, J. de Brito,and R. Dhir, “Use of recycled aggregates arising from construction and demolition waste in new construction applications. J. Clean. Prod., vol. 236, 117629, 2019.
[74] A. Barbudo, F. Agrela, J. Ayuso, J. Jiménez, and C. Poon, “Statistical analysis of recycled aggregates derived from different sources for sub-base applications,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 28, pp. 129–138, 2012.
[75] J. Santos, S. Bressi, V. Cerezo, and D. Lo,“SUP & R DSS: A sustainability-based decision support system for road pavements. Clean. Prod., vol. 206, pp. 524–540, 2019.
[76] T. Wang, J. Wang, P. Wu, J. Wang, Q He, and X. Wang, “Estimating the environmental costs and benefits of demolition waste using life cycle assessment and willingness-to-pay: A case study in Shenzhen’s. Clean. Prod, vol. 172, pp. 14–26, 2018.
[77] J. Bolden, T. Abu-Lebdeh, E Fini, “Utilization of Recycled and Waste Materials in Various Construction Applications,” Am. J. Environ. Sci. vol. 9, pp. 14–24, 2013.
[78] V. Tam, K. Le, C. Wang, and I. Illankoon, “Practitioners Recycling Attitude and Behavior in the Australian Construction Industry” Sustainability, vol. 10, p. 1212, 2018.
[79] W. Gao, T. Ariyama, T. Ojima, and A. Meier, “Energy impacts of recycling disassembly material in residential buildings” Energy Build., Vol. 33, pp. 553–562, 2001.
[80] V. Tam, “Comparing the implementation of concrete recycling in the Australian and Japanese construction industries. Clean. Prod., vol. 17, pp. 688–702, 2009.
[81] U. Hossain, C. Poon, I. Lo, and J. Cheng, “Comparative environmental evaluation of aggregate production from recycled waste materials and virgin sources by LCA” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 109, pp. 67–77, 2019.
[82] Sustainable Aggregates South Australia. Recycled Aggregates Bring Carbon Reduction Benefits Recycled Aggregates Bring Carbon Reduction Benefits; Sustainable Aggregates South Australia: Adelaide, Australia, 2010.
[83] M. Kuittinen, “Does the use of recycled concrete lower the carbon footprint in humanitarian construction,” Int. J. Disaster Resil. Built Environ., vol. 7, pp. 472–488, 2016.
[84] S. Munn and V. Soebarto, “The issues of using recycled materials in architecture” The 38th International Conference of Architectural Science Association ANZAScA” Contexts of architecture”, Launceston, Tasmania, 10–12, 2004