Design and Development of Graphene Oxide Modified by Chitosan Nanosheets Showing pH-Sensitive Surface as a Smart Drug Delivery System for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 33032
Design and Development of Graphene Oxide Modified by Chitosan Nanosheets Showing pH-Sensitive Surface as a Smart Drug Delivery System for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin

Authors: Parisa Shirzadeh

Abstract:

Drug delivery systems in which drugs are traditionally used, multi-stage and at specified intervals by patients, do not meet the needs of the world's up-to-date drug delivery. In today's world, we are dealing with a huge number of recombinant peptide and protean drugs and analogues of hormones in the body, most of which are made with genetic engineering techniques. Most of these drugs are used to treat critical diseases such as cancer. Due to the limitations of the traditional method, researchers sought to find ways to solve the problems of the traditional method to a large extent. Following these efforts, controlled drug release systems were introduced, which have many advantages. Using controlled release of the drug in the body, the concentration of the drug is kept at a certain level, and in a short time, it is done at a higher rate. Graphene is a natural material that is biodegradable, non-toxic, natural and wide surfaces of graphene plates makes it more effective to modify graphene than carbon nanotubes. Graphene oxide is often synthesized using concentrated oxidizers such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and potassium permanganate based on Hummer method. graphene oxide is very hydrophilic and easily dissolves in water and creates a stable solution. Graphene oxide (GO) has been modified by chitosan (CS) covalently, developed for control release of doxorubicin (DOX). In this study, GO is produced by the hummer method under acidic conditions. Then, it is chlorinated by oxalyl chloride to increase its reactivity against amine. After that, in the presence of CS, the amino reaction was performed to form amide transplantation, and the DOX was connected to the carrier surface by π-π interaction in buffer phosphate. GO, GO-CS, and GO-CS-DOX were characterized by FT-IR and TGA to recognize new functional groups which show the new bonding of CS to GO, RAMA and SEM to recognize size of layers that show changing in size and number of layers. The ability to load and release is determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The loading result showed a high capacity of DOX absorption (99%) and pH dependence identified as a result of DOX release from GO-CS nanosheet at pH 5.3 and 7.4, which show a fast release rate in acidic conditions.

Keywords: Graphene oxide, chitosan, nanosheet, controlled drug release, doxorubicin.

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 218

References:


[1] Gaurav Tiwari, Ruchi Tiwari, Birendra Sriwastawa1, L Bhati, S Pandey, P Pandey, Saurabh K Bannerjee. Drug delivery systems: An updated review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 2012, 2, 2.
[2] Woo Yeup Jeong, Mina Kwon, Hye Eun Choi and Ki Su Kim. Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review. Biomaterials Research 2021, 25, 24.
[3] Shiva Kalyani Adepu and Seeram Ramakrishna. Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions. Molecules 2021, 26, 5905.
[4] Alexandra M. L. Oliveira, Mónica Machado, Gabriela A. Silva, Diogo B. Bitoque, Joana Tavares Ferreira, Luís Abegão Pinto and Quirina Ferreira. Graphene Oxide Thin Films with Drug Delivery Function. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1149.
[5] Liu Z, Robinson JT, Sun X, Dai H. PEGylated nanographene oxide for delivery of water-insoluble cancer drugs. J Am ChemSoc 2008, 130, 10876.
[6] M. Wojtoniszak, K. Urbas, M. Peruzynska, M. Kurzawski, M. Prozadzik, E. Mijowska. Covalent conjugation of graphene oxide with methotrexate and its antitumor activity, Chemical Physics Letter 2013 ,568, 151.
[7] Wenjun Miao, Gayong Shim, Sangbin Lee, Soondong Lee, Yearn Seong Choe, Yu-Kyoung Oh. Safety and tumor tissue accumulation of pegylated graphene oxide nanosheets for co-delivery of anticancer drug and PHLTL sensitizer, Biomaterials 2013, 34, 3402.
[8] Suresh Kumar, Ruby Dhiman, Carlos R Prudencio, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Arpana Vibhuti, Elcio Leal, Chung-Ming Chang, V. Samuel Raj, and Ramendra Pati Pandey. Chitosan: Applications in Drug Delivery System. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 2022, 22, 000.
[9] N.I. Zaaba, K.L. Foo, U. Hashim, S.J. Tan, Wei-Wen Liu, C.H. Voon. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Modified Hummers method: solvent influence. Procedia Engineering. 2017,184,496
[10] Athanasios B, Bourlinos DG, D Petridis, TamasSzabo, A Szeri, I Dekany. Graphite oxide: chemical reduction to graphite and surface modification with aliphatic amines and amino acids, Langmuir 2003, 19, 6050.