Multiple Approaches for Ultrasonic Cavitation Monitoring of Oxygen-Loaded Nanodroplets

Authors: Simone Galati, Adriano Troia

Abstract:

Ultrasound (US) is widely used in medical field for a variety diagnostic techniques but, in recent years, it has also been creating great interest for therapeutic aims. Regarding drug delivery, the use of US as an activation source provides better spatial delivery confinement and limits the undesired side effects. However, at present there is no complete characterization at a fundamental level of the different signals produced by sono-activated nanocarriers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to obtain a metrological characterization of the cavitation phenomena induced by US through three parallel investigation approaches. US was focused into a channel of a customized phantom in which a solution with oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (OLNDs) was led to flow and the cavitation activity was monitored. Both quantitative and qualitative real-time analysis were performed giving information about the dynamics of bubble formation, oscillation and final implosion with respect to the working acoustic pressure and the type of nanodroplets, compared with pure water. From this analysis a possible interpretation of the observed results is proposed.

Keywords: Cavitation, Drug Delivery, Nanodroplets, Ultrasound.

References:

[1] E.P. Stride and C.C. Coussions, Cavitation and contrast: the use of bubbles in ultrasound imaging and therapy, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 2010, 224, 171-191.
[2] A. Zlitni and S.S. Gambhir, Molecular imaging agents for ultrasound, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2018, 45, 113-120.
[3] K.H. Martin and P.A. Dayton, Current status and prospects for microbubbles in ultrasound theranostics, WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5, 329345.
[4] E.G. Schutt and D.H. Klein and R.M. Mattrey and J.G. Riess, Injectable microbubbles as contrast agents for diagnostic ultrasound imaging: the key role of perfluorochemicals., Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2003, 42(28), 3218-35.
[5] A. Sanfeld and K. Sefiane and D. Benielli and A. Steinchen, Does capillarity influence chemical reaction in drops and bubbles? A thermodynamic approach, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2000, 86(3), 153-193.
[6] A. Bisazza and P. Giustetto and A. Rolfo and I. Caniggia and S. Balbis and C. Guiot and R. Cavalli, Microbubble-mediated oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissues as a new therapeutic device., Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2008, 2008,2067-70.
[7] C. Magnetto and M. Prato and A. Khadjavi and I. Fenoglio and J. Jose and G. R. Giulino and F. Cavallo and E. Quaglino and E. Benintende and G. Varetto and A. Troia and R. Cavalli and C. Guidot, Ultrasound-activated decafluoropentane-cored and chitosan-shelled nanodroplets for oxygen delivery to hypoxic cutaneous tissues, RSC Adv, 2014, 4, 38433-38441.
[8] O.D. Kripfgans and J.B. Fowlkes and D.L. Miller and O.P. Eldevik and P.L. Carson, Acoustic droplet vaporization for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, Ultrasound Med Biol, 2000, 26(7),1177-89.
[9] P. Poritsky, The collaps or growth of a spherical bubble or cavity in a viscous fluid, Proceedings of the 1st US National Congress in Applied Mathematics (ASME), 1952.
[10] J. Jiao and Y. He and K. Yasui and S.E. Kentish and M. Ashokkumar and R. Manasseh and J. Lee, Influence of acoustic pressure and bubble sizes on the coalescence of two contacting bubbles in an acoustic field, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2015, 22, 70-77.
[11] S. Popinet and S. Zaleski, Bubble collapse near a solid boundary: a numerical study of the influence of viscosity, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2002, 137-163.
[12] T. Boissenot and A. Bordat and E. Fattal and N.Tsapis, Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery for cancer treatment using drug delivery systems: From theoretical considerations to practical applications, Journal of Controlled Release, 2016, 241, 144-163.
[13] A. Troia and R. Cuccaro and A. Schiavi, Independent tuning of acoustic and mechanical properties of phantoms for biomedical applications of ultrasound, Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express, 2017, 3.
[14] J. Frohly and S Labouret and C Bruneel and I Looten-Baquet and R. Torguet, Ultrasonic Cavitation Monitoring by Acoustic Noise Power Measurement., The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2000, 108, 2012-20.
[15] J. Wu and S. Zhou and X. Li, Acoustic emission monitoring for ultrasonic cavitation based dispersion process, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 2013, 135.