Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Alginate Hydrogel for 3D Bio-Printing Self-Standing Scaffold Architecture for Tissue Engineering Applications
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32769
Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Alginate Hydrogel for 3D Bio-Printing Self-Standing Scaffold Architecture for Tissue Engineering Applications

Authors: Ibtisam A. Abbas Al-Darkazly

Abstract:

In this study, the mechanical properties of alginate hydrogel material for self-standing 3D scaffold architecture with proper shape fidelity are investigated. In-lab built 3D bio-printer extrusion-based technology is utilized to fabricate 3D alginate scaffold constructs. The pressure, needle speed and stage speed are varied using a computer-controlled system. The experimental result indicates that the concentration of alginate solution, calcium chloride (CaCl2) cross-linking concentration and cross-linking ratios lead to the formation of alginate hydrogel with various gelation states. Besides, the gelling conditions, such as cross-linking reaction time and temperature also have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of alginate hydrogel. Various experimental tests such as the material gelation, the material spreading and the printability test for filament collapse as well as the swelling test were conducted to evaluate the fabricated 3D scaffold constructs. The result indicates that the fabricated 3D scaffold from composition of 3.5% wt alginate solution, that is prepared in DI water and 1% wt CaCl2 solution with cross-linking ratios of 7:3 show good printability and sustain good shape fidelity for more than 20 days, compared to alginate hydrogel that is prepared in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The fabricated self-standing 3D scaffold constructs measured 30 mm × 30 mm and consisted of 4 layers (n = 4) show good pore geometry and clear grid structure after printing. In addition, the percentage change of swelling degree exhibits high swelling capability with respect to time. The swelling test shows that the geometry of 3D alginate-scaffold construct and of the macro-pore are rarely changed, which indicates the capability of holding the shape fidelity during the incubation period. This study demonstrated that the mechanical and physical properties of alginate hydrogel could be tuned for a 3D bio-printing extrusion-based system to fabricate self-standing 3D scaffold soft structures. This 3D bioengineered scaffold provides a natural microenvironment present in the extracellular matrix of the tissue, which could be seeded with the biological cells to generate the desired 3D live tissue model for in vitro and in vivo tissue engineering applications.

Keywords: Biomaterial, calcium chloride, 3D bio-printing, extrusion, scaffold, sodium alginate, tissue engineering.

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 670

References:


[1] J. Gopinathan and I. Noh, “Recent trends in bioinks for 3D printing,” Biomater Res, BMC J., vol.22, no.11, April 2018. DOI.org/10.1186/s40824-018-0122-1.
[2] J. H.Y. Chung, J. Kade, A. Jeiranikhameneh et. al, “A bioprinting printing approach to regenerate cartilage for microtia treatment,” Elsevier, Bioprinting, J. vol.12, no. e0031 pp.1-11, Dec. 2018. DOI.org/10.1016/j.bprint.2018.e00031
[3] Z. Wu, X. Su, Y. Xu et al, “Bioprinting three-dimensional cell-laden tissue constructs with controllable degradation,” Sci.Rep, vol,6, no. 24474, April 2016. DOI.org/10.1038/srep24474
[4] I. Noh, N. Kim, H. N. Tran, et al, “3D printable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for its potential application as a bioink in tissue engineering,” Biomater Res, vol.23, no.3, Feb. 2019. DOI.org/10.1186/s40824-018-0152-8
[5] T. Xu, K. W. Binder, M. Z. Albanna et al, “Hybrid printing of mechanically and biologically improved constructs for cartilage tissue engineering applications”, Biofabrication, vol.5, no.015001, Mar. 2013. DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/1/015001
[6] J. Jeong, J. H. Kim, J. H. Shim, et al, “Bioactive calcium phosphate materials and applications in bone regeneration,” Biomater Res, vol.23, no.4, Jan. 2019. DOI.org/10.1186/s40824-018-0149-3
[7] V. Lee, G. Singh, J. P. Trasatti et al., “Design and fabrication of human skin by three-dimensional bioprinting,” Tissue Eng. Part C: Methods, vol.20, no.6, pp.473–484, Jun. 2013.DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2013.0335
[8] Simbara, Pimenta, Carbonari et al., “A review on fibrous scaffolds in cardiovascular tissue engineering,” Innov Biomed Technol Health Care (IBTHC), vol.1, no.1, pp.14 – 28, May 2017
[9] S.V. Murphy and A. Atala, “3D bioprinting of tissues and organs,” Nat. Biotechnol J., vol.32, pp.773–785, Aug.2014. DOI.org/10.1038/nbt.2958
[10] M. Varkey, D.O. Visscher, P.P.M.V. Zuijlen et al., “Skin bioprinting: the future of burn wound reconstruction?”, Burn Trauma J., vol.7, no.4, Feb.2019. DOI.org/10.1186/s41038-019-0142-7
[11] E. S. Bishop, S. Mostafa, M. Pakvasa et al., “3-D bioprinting technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Current and future trends,” Genes & Dis., ScienceDirect J., vol.4, no.4, pp.185-195, Dec.2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.10.002
[12] M. Ahearne, “Introduction to cell–hydrogel mechanosensing,” Interface Focus royal society, vol.4, no.20130038 April 2014. DOI.org/10.1098/rsfs.2013.0038
[13] V. H. P. Luna and O. G. Reynoso, “Encapsulation of Biological Agents in Hydrogels for Therapeutic Applications,” Gels, vol.3, no.61 Sep. 2018. DOI:10.3390/gels4030061
[14] U. Jammalamadaka and K. Tappa, “Recent Advances in Biomaterials for 3D Printing and Tissue Engineering,” Funct Biomater J., vol.1, no.9, Mar. 2018. DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010022
[15] K. Y. Lee. &, D. J. Mooney, “Alginate: properties and biomedical applications,” Prog Polym Sci, vol.37, no.1, pp.106–126, Jan. 2012. DOI.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003
[16] L. Gasperini, J. F. Mano and R. L. Rris, “Natural polymers for the microencapsulation of cells,” R Soc Interface J., vol.11, no.20140817 Nov. 2014. DOI.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0817
[17] N. E., C. L. Stabler, C. P. Simpson et al., “The role of the CaCI2-guluronic acid interaction on alginate encapsulated bTC3 cells,” Biomaterials J., vol.25, no.13, pp.2603-2610, Jun 2004. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.046
[18] D. Kühbeck, J. Mayr, M. Häring et al., “Evaluation of the nitroaldol reaction in the presence of metal ion-crosslinked alginates,” New J. Chm., vol. 39, pp.2306-2315, Jan. 2015. DOI.org/10.1039/c4nj02178a
[19] T. Andersen, P. A. Emblem and M. Domish, “3D Cell Culture in Alginate Hydrogels,” Microarrays J., vol.4, no.2, pp.133-161, Jun. 2015. DOI: 10.3390/microarrays4020133
[20] Y. He, F. F. Yang, H. M. Zhao et al., “Research on the printability of hydrogels in 3D bioprinting, Sci Rep, vol.6, no.29977, Jul. 2016. DOI: 10.1038/srep29977
[21] S. Khalil, W. Sun, “Bioprinting endothelial cells with alginate for 3D tissue constructs,” Biomech Eng J., vol.131, no.11, Nov.2009. DOI: 10.1115/1.3128729
[22] Y. Kim, K. Kang, J. Jeong et al., “Three-dimensional (3D) printing of mouse primary hepatocytes to generate 3D hepatic structure,” Ann Surg Treat Res, vol.92, no.2, Feb. 2017. DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.92.2.67
[23] F. E. Freeman and D. J. Kelly, “Tuning Alginate Bioink Stiffness and Composition for Controlled Growth Factor Delivery and to Spatially Direct MSC Fate within Bioprinted Tissues,” Sci Rep, vol.7, no.17042, Dec. 2017. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-17286-1
[24] M. A. Habib and B. Khoda, “Development of clay based novel bio-ink for 3D bio-printing process,” Procced Manufactuer, Elsevier, vol.26, pp.846-856, 2018.DOI.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.105
[25] L. Ouyang, R. Yao, Y. Zhao and W. Sun, Effect of bioink properties on printability and cell viability for 3D bioplotting of embryonic stem cells, Biofabrication, vol.8, no.3, Sep. 2016. DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035020
[26] N. Devi and T. K. Maji, “Preparation and Evaluation of Gelatin/Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Polyelectrolyte Complex Microparticles for Controlled Delivery of Isoniazid,” PMCID, vol.4, no.1412, Dec. 2009. DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9344-9
[27] R. Mahdavinia, Z. Rahmani, S. Karami and A. Pourjavadi, “Magnetic/pH-sensitive κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel nanocomposite beads: preparation, swelling behavior, and drug delivery” Biomater Sci Polym Ed, vol.25, no.17, pp.1891-1906, Sep. 2014. DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.956166
[28] M. Matyash, F. Despang, C. Ikonomidou, and M. Gelinsky, “Swelling and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels with respect to promotion of neural growth,” Tissue Eng. Part C: Methods, vol.20, no.5, pp.401-411, May2014 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0252.
[29] Sigma Aldrich. (2020) (Online). Available: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/new-zealand
[30] C. K. Kuo and P. X. Ma, “Ionically crosslinked alginate hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering: part1structure, gelation rate and mechanical properties,” Biomaterials Elsevier, vol.22, no.6, pp.511-521 Mar. 2001.DOI.ORG/10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00201-5
[31] A. D. Augst, H. J. Kong and D. J. Mooney, “Alginate hydrogels as biomaterials,” Macromolecular Biosci, vol.6, no.8, pp.623–633, July 2006. DOI.org/10.1002/mabi.200600069
[32] J. Sun and H. Tan, “Alginate-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications,” Materials, vol.6, no.4, pp.1285-1309, Mar. 2013. DOI:10.3390/ma6041285