The Estimation of Bird Diversity Loss and Gain as an Impact of Oil Palm Plantation: Study Case in KJNP Estate Riau Province

Authors: Yanto Santosa, Catharina Yudea

Abstract:

The rapid growth of oil palm industry in Indonesia raised many negative accusations from various parties, who said that oil palm plantation is damaging the environment and biodiversity, including birds. Since research on oil palm plantation impacts on bird diversity is still limited, this study needs to be developed in order to gain further learning and understanding. Data on bird diversity were collected in March 2018 in KJNP Estate, Riau Province using strip transect method on five different land cover types (young, intermediate, and old growth of oil palm plantation, high conservation value area, and crops field or the baseline). The observations were conducted simultaneously, with three repetitions. The result shows that the baseline has 19 species of birds and land cover after the oil palm plantation has 39 species. HCV (high conservation value) area has the highest increase in diversity value. Oil palm plantation has changed the composition of bird species. The highest similarity index is shown by young growth oil palm land cover with total score 0.65, meanwhile the lowest similarity index with total score 0.43 is shown by HCV area. Overall, the existence of oil palm plantation made a positive impact by increasing bird species diversity, with total 23 species gained and 3 species lost.

Keywords: Bird diversity, crops field, impact of oil palm plantation, KJNP estate.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12489842

References:

[1] Susila WR. 2004. Contribution of oil palm industry to economic growth and poverty allevation in Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 23(3): 107-114.
[2] Zakaria A, Theile C, Khaimur L. 2007. Policy, Practice, Pride and Prejudice: Review of Legal, Environmental and Social Practices of Oil Palm Plantation Companies of the Wilmar Group in Sambas District, West Kalimantan (Indonesia). Amsterdam (NL): Milieudefensie (Friends of the Earth Netherlands)
[3] Colchester M, Chao S, Dallinger J, Sokhannaro HEP, Dan VT, Villanueva J. 2011. Ekspansi Kelapa Sawit di Asia Tenggara: Kecendrungan dan Implikasi Bagi Masyarakat Lokal dan Masyarakat Adat. Bogor (ID): Perkumpulan Sawit Watch.
[4] Amnesty International. 2016. Skandal Besar Minyak Kelapa Sawit: Pelanggaran Ketenagakerjaan Di Belakang Nama-Nama Merek Besar. London (UK): Amnesty International.
[5] Greenpeace. 2016. Kejahatan Perdagangan: Biaya Kemanusiaan dan Lingkungan di Rantai Pasok IOI. Ringkasan Laporan Greenpeace Internasional.
[6] Pimm SL. 1986. Community stability and structure. Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sunderland (USA): Sinauer Assoc.
[7] Ayat A. 2011. Burung-burung Agroforest di Sumatera. Bogor (ID): World Agroforestry Centre.
[8] Chambers SA. 2008. Birds as Environmental Indicators: Review of Literature. Melbourne (AU): Parks Victoria.
[9] Djuwantoko S, Pudyatmoko A, Setiawan DW, Purnomo S, Nurvianto FY, Laksono, Kusuma YCW. 2007. Studi Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung Terkait Dengan Proses Suksesi Ekologi Di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan dan Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama Kabupaten GunungKidul. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Strategi Rehabilitasi Kawasan Konservasi Di Daerah Padat Penduduk Kasus Pengelolaan Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan; 2006 Feb 9; Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Yogyakarta (ID): Laboratorium Satwaliar Fakultas Kehutanan UGM.
[10] Johns AD. 1992. Vertebrate responses to selective logging: Implications for the design of logging systems. Biological Science, 335: 437-442.
[11] Alikodra HS. 2002. Pengelolaan Satwa Liar. Bogor (ID): Fakultas Kehutanan IPB
[12] Magurran AE. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. London (UK): Croom Helmed Limited.
[13] Krebs CJ. 1978. Ecological Methodology. New York (US): Harper & Row
[14] Nahlunnisa H, Zuhud EAM, Santosa Y. 2016. Keanekaragaman Spesies Tumbuhan di Areal nilai Konservasi Tinggi (NKT) Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Provinsi Riau. Media Konservasi. 21(1): 91-98.
[15] Welty JC, Baptista L. 1988. The Life of Bird. New York (US): Sounders College Publishing.
[16] Widodo W. 2009. Komparasi Keragaman Jenis Burung- Burung di Taman Nasional Baluran dan Alas Purwo Pada Beberapa Tipe Habitat. Jurnal Berkala Penelitian Hayati. (14): 113-124.
[17] Warner RE. 1994. Agricultural land use and grassland habitat in Illinois: future shock for Midwestern birds?.Conservation Biology, 8:147-156
[18] Alikodra HS.1980. Dasar-Dasar PembinaanMargasatwa. Bogor (ID): Fakultas Kehutanan Instutut Pertanian Bogor.
[19] Adang. 2008. Studi keanekaragaman burung di Hutan Kota BupertaCibubur Jakarta Timur (Thesis). Jakarta (ID): Universitas Islam NegeriSyarifHidayatullah.
[20] Sopiyandi S. 2016. Keanekaragaman Burung Pada Berbagai Tipe Tutupan Lahan di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT Mitra Unggul Pusaka Kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau (Thesis). Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[21] Dickson JG, Conner RN, Fleet RR, Croll JC, Jacson JA .1979. The Role of Insectivorous Birds in Forest Ecosystems. New York (US): Academic Press.
[22] Ricklefs RE. 1978. Ecology. New York (US): Chiron Press
[23] Winkler H, Preluetherener M. 2001. Behaviour and ecology of bird in tropical rain forest canopy. Plant Ecology, 153: 193‐202.
[24] Parker GG, Brown MJ. 2000. Forest canopy stratification‐is it useful?. The American Naturalist, 155(4): 473‐484.
[25] MacArthur RW, MacArthur JW. 1961. On bird species diversity. Ecological Society of America, 42(3):594-598.
[26] Crozier GE &Niemi GJ. 2003. Using patch and landscape variables to model bird abundance in a naturally heterogeneous landscape. Can. J. Zool 81: 441-452.
[27] Davidar P, Yoganand K, Garsch T. 2001. Distribution of forest bird in Andom Island importana of leg habitat. Journal of Biogeography, 28:666-671.
[28] Johnsingh AJT, Joshua J. 1994. Avifauna in three vegetation types on MundanthuraiPlateu. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10:323-335.
[29] Sihotang DF, Patana P, Jumilawaty E. 2015. IdentifikasiKeanekaragamanJenisBurung di KawasanRestorasi Resort SeiBetung, Taman Nasional GunungLeuser. Sumatera (ID): Universitas Sumatera Utara.
[30] Sonobe K, Usui S. 1993. A Field Guide to the Waterbirdsof Asia. Tokyo (JP): Wild Bird Society of Japan.
[31] MacKinnon J, Phillips K, Van Balen B. 2010. Seri Panduan Lapangan Burung-Burung di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, dan Kalimantan. Bogor (ID): Burung Indonesia.
[32] Yusran A. 2015. Kelimpahan kangkareng perut-putih pada areal hutan yang berbatasan dengan kebun sawit di Kotawaringin Barat (Thesis). Bogor (ID): InstitutPertanian Bogor.
[33] Azizah N. 2010. Perencanaan Wisata Burung Rangkong (Famili Bucerotidae) di Harapan Rainforest Kabupaten Batanghari Provinsi Jambi (Thesis). Bogor (ID): InstitutPertanian Bogor.
[34] MacKinnon J, Philipps k. 1993. A Field Guide to The Birds of Borneo, Sumatera, Java and Bali. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
[35] Noerdjito M. 2005. Seri Nama Baku Fauna Indonesia, Seri kesatu Anatidae & Bucerotidae. Bogor (ID): Bidang Zoologi, PuslitBiologi – LIPI.
[36] Prawiradilaga DM,Murate T, Muzakkir A, Inoue T, Kuswandono, Supriatna AA, Ekawati D, Afianto MY, Hapsoro, Ozawa T, Sakaguchi N. 2003. Panduan Survei Lapangan dan Pemantauan Burung-burungPemangsa. Jakarta (ID): BCP-JICA.
[37] Gaol SEL. 1998. StudiVariasi Tingkat Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung pada Berbagai Tipe Penggunaan Lahan di Propinsi Lampung (Thesis). Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[38] Utari WD. 2000. Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung Pada Beberapa Tipe Habitat di Areal Hutan Tanaman Industri PT Riau Andalan Pulp dan Paper dan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT Duta Palma Nusantara Group ProvinsiDati I Riau (Thesis). Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[39] Permana MF. 2016. Keanekaragaman jenis burung pada beberapa tipe habitat di hutan Lambusango, pulau Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara (Thesis). Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[40] Yoza D. 2000. Dampak Perkebunan KeiapaSawit Terhadap Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Areał Perkebunan PT. Ramajaya Pramukti, Kabupaten Dati II Kampar Propinsi Dati I Riau (Thesis). Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[41] Koh LP. 2008. Birds defend oil palms from herbivorous insects. Ecological Society of America,18(4): 821–825.
[42] Surya DC, Novarino W, Arbain A. 2013. Jenis-Jenis Burung yang Memanfaatkan Eurya acuminata DC Di Kampus Universitas Andalas Limau Manis, Padang. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas, 2(2): 90-95.
[43] Yoza D. 2006. KeanekaragamanJenisBurung di BerbagaiTipedaerahTepi (Edges) Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Syarif Hasyim Propinsi Riau (Thesis). Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.