Effect of Plastic Fines on Liquefaction Resistance of Sandy Soil Using Resonant Column Test
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 33122
Effect of Plastic Fines on Liquefaction Resistance of Sandy Soil Using Resonant Column Test

Authors: S. A. Naeini, M. Ghorbani Tochaee

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to assess the influence of plastic fines content on sand-clay mixtures on maximum shear modulus and liquefaction resistance using a series of resonant column tests. A high plasticity clay called bentonite was added to 161 Firoozkooh sand at the percentages of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 by dry weight. The resonant column tests were performed on the remolded specimens at constant confining pressure of 100 KPa and then the values of Gmax and liquefaction resistance were investigated. The maximum shear modulus and cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) are examined in terms of fines content. Based on the results, the maximum shear modulus and liquefaction resistance tend to decrease within the increment of fine contents.

Keywords: Gmax, liquefaction, plastic fines, resonant column, sand-clay mixtures, bentonite.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3669232

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 740

References:


[1] H. B. Seed and I. M. Idriss, “Simplified Procedure for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Potential,” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., vol. Vol 97, No, p. PP 1249-1273.
[2] H. B. Seed, K. Tokimatsu, L. F. Harder, and R. M. Chung, “The influence of SPT procedures in soil liquefaction resistance evaluations: Berkeley, University of California,” vol. I, no. 12, p. 15, 1984.
[3] P. Robertson and C. Wride, “Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potential using the cone penetration test,” Can. Geotech. J., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 442--459, 1998.
[4] B. T. L. Youd et al., “L Iquefaction R Esistance of S Oils : S Ummary R Eport From the 1996 Nceer and 1998 Nceer / Nsf W Orkshops on E Valuation,” J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 127, no. 10, pp. 817–833, 2002.
[5] J. T. Dejong et al., “Instrumented Becker Penetration Test. I : Equipment, Operation, and Performance,” vol. 143, no. 9, pp. 1–12, 2017.
[6] K. Ishihara, Soil behaviour in earthquake geotechnics, vol. 34, no. 09. 1997.
[7] B. R. D. Andrus, A. Member, and K. H. S. Ii, “Liquefaction Resistance of Soils from Shear-Wave Velocity,” no. November, pp. 1015–1025, 2000.
[8] G. Cai, S. Liu, and A. J. Puppala, “Liquefaction assessments using seismic piezocone penetration (SCPTU) test investigations in Tangshan region in China,” Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol. 41, pp. 141–150, 2012.
[9] C. Yunmin, K. Han, and C. Ren-Peng, “Correlation of shear wave velocity with liquefaction resistance based on laboratory tests,” Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 461–469, 2005.
[10] K. Law and YH Ling, “Liquefaction of granular soils with non-cohesive and cohesive fines,” in Proceedings of the tenth world conference on earthquake engineering, Rotterdam, 1992, pp. 1491–1496.
[11] Y. P. Vaid, “Liquefaction of silty soils,” Gr. Fail. under Seism. Cond. ASCE, pp. 1–16, 1994.
[12] S. Thevanayagam and S. Mohan, “Intergranular state variables and stress-strain behaviour of silty sands,” Geotechnique, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 1–23, 2000.
[13] S. A. Naeini and M. H. Baziar, “Effect of fines content on steady-state strength of mixed and layered samples of a sand,” Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 181–187, 2004.
[14] G. A. Athanasopoulos and V. C. Xenaki, “Liquefaction resistance of sands containing varying amounts of fines,” Geotech. Spec. Publ., no. 181, 2008.
[15] M. M. Monkul and J. A. Yamamuro, “Influence of silt size and content on liquefaction behavior of sands,” Can. Geotech. J., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 931–942, 2011.
[16] Y. A. Hernández, I. Towhata, K. Gunji, and S. Yamada, “Laboratory tests on cyclic undrained behavior of loose sand with cohesionless silt and its application to assessment of seismic performance of subsoil,” Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., vol. 79, pp. 365–378, 2015.
[17] H. B. Seed, I. M. Idriss, and I. Arango, “Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Using Field Performance Data" by H. Bolton Seed, 1 F. ASCE, I. M. Idriss, 2 and Ignacio Arango, 3 Members, ASCE,” Manager, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 458–482, 1983.
[18] Tokimatsu Kohji and Yoshiaki Yoshimi, “Empirical correlation of soil liquefaction based on SPT N-value and fines content,” Soils Found., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 56–74, 1983.
[19] K. Ishihara and Koseki, “Cyclic shear strength of fines-containing sands,” in Earthquakes Geotechnical Engineering, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio De Janiero, Brazil, 1989, pp. 101–106.
[20] W. F. Marcuson, M. E. Hynes, and A. G. Franklin, “Evaluation and Use of Residual Strength in Seismic Safety Analysis of Embankments,” Earthquake Spectra, vol. 6, no. 3. pp. 529–572, 1990.
[21] J. P. Koester, “The Influence of Fine Type And Content On Cyclic Strength,” Gr. Fail. Under Seism. Cond. Geotech. Spec. Publ., ASCE, vol. 44, pp. 17–33, 1994.
[22] C. Polito, “The Effects Of Non-Plastic and Plastic Fines On The Liquefaction Of Sandy Soils,” PHD Theis@Virginia Tech, no. December, p. 274, 1999.
[23] M. Ghahremani and A. Ghalandarzadeh, “Effect of plastic fines on cyclic resistance of sands,” in Geotechnical Special Publication No 150: Soil and Rock Behavior and Modeling, ASCE, 2006, pp. 406–412.
[24] I. B. Gratchev, K. Sassa, V. I. Osipov, and V. N. Sokolov, “The liquefaction of clayey soils under cyclic loading,” Eng. Geol., vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 70–84, 2006.
[25] S. S. Park and Y. S. Kim, “Liquefaction resistance of sands containing plastic fines with different plasticity,” J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 139, no. 5, pp. 825–830, 2013.
[26] E. E. Eseller-Bayat, M. M. Monkul, Ö. Akin, and S. Yenigun, “The Coupled Influence of Relative Density, CSR, Plasticity and Content of Fines on Cyclic Liquefaction Resistance of Sands,” J. Earthq. Eng., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 909–929, 2019.
[27] A. F. Cabalar, S. Demir, and M. M. Khalaf, “Liquefaction Resistance of Different Size/Shape Sand-Clay Mixtures Using a Pair of Bender Element–Mounted Molds,” J. Test. Eval., vol. 49, no. 1, p. 20180677, 2021.
[28] W. C. Krumbein, “Measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles,” J. Sediment. Res., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 64--72, 1941.
[29] American Society for Testing and Materials, “Standard Test Methods for Modulus and Damping of Soils by Resonant-Column Method,” ASTM Stand. D 4015-07, vol. 92, no. Reapproved, pp. 1–22, 2007.
[30] S. Yamada, M. Hyodo, R. P. Orense, S. V. Dinesh, and T. Hyodo, “Strain-dependent dynamic properties of remolded sand-clay mixtures,” J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 134, no. 7, pp. 972–981, 2008.
[31] C. S. El Mohtar, V. P. Drnevich, M. Santagata, and A. Bobet, “Combined resonant column and cyclic triaxial tests for measuring undrained shear modulus reduction of sand with plastic fines,” Geotech. Test. J., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1–9, 2013.
[32] R. Sadeghzadegan, S. A. Naeini, and A. Mirzaii, “Effect of clay content on the small and mid to large strain shear modulus of an unsaturated sand,” Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., vol. 8189, no. January, pp. 1–19, 2018.
[33] P. Alba, K. Baldwin, V. Janoo, G. Roe, and B. Celikkol, “Elastic-Wave Velocities and Liquefaction Potential,” Geotech. Test. J., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 77–88, 1984.
[34] K. Tokimatsu, T. Yamazaki, and Y. Yoshimi, “Soil liquefaction evaluations by elastic shear moduli,” Soils Found., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 25–35, 1986.
[35] K. Tokimatsu and A. Uchida, “Correlation between liquefaction resistance and shear wave velocity,” Soils Found., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 33–42, 1990.
[36] Y. G. Zhou, Y. M. Chen, and Y. Shamoto, “Verification of the soiltype specific correlation between liquefaction resistance and shearwave velocity of sand by dynamic centrifuge test,” J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 165–177, 2010.
[37] N. Akbari Paydar and M. M. Ahmadi, “Effect of Fines Type and Content of Sand on Correlation Between Shear Wave Velocity and Liquefaction Resistance,” Geotech. Geol. Eng., vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1857–1876, 2016.
[38] B. O. Hardin and F. E. Richart Jr, “Elastic Wave Velocities in Granular Soils,” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div, vol. 89, pp. 33–66, 1963.