The Necessity of Urban Boundaries in Planning Legislation: A Case Study in Bilecik, Turkey

Authors: Mercan Efe Güney, Barış Parlatangiller, Melik Ayer

Abstract:

In Turkey, while urban area boundaries are enlarged by making decisions on investment areas in cities, development plans are made according to government decisions, rather than scientific criteria. Even environment protection laws state that “if public interest is at stake”, areas under mandatory protection can be transformed into investment areas. This leads to destruction of valuable agricultural lands. Paper demonstrates loss of agricultural lands by superimposing plans, Suitability of the Lands for Agricultural Use and Google Earth Images in an exemplary settlement, and expresses that urban area boundaries should be included in legislation as an official boundary for all settlements.

Keywords: Agriculture, boundary, city planning, development plan, legislation.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3607874

References:

[1] Bursa-Eskişehir-Bilecik Development Agency. (2015) Bursa-Eskişehir-Bilecik Region Plan 2014-2023.
[2] Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Development Agency. (2010). 2010-2013 Region Plan of TR41 Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Area. Retrieved from (http://www3.kalkinma.gov.tr/DocObjects/Download/10217/TR41_Bursa,_Eski%C5%9Fehir,_Bilecik_B%C3%B6lge_Plan%C4%B1.pdf).
[3] Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Development Agency. (2014). 2014-2023 Region Plan of TR41 Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Area. Retrieved from (https://www.bebka.org.tr/admin/datas/yayins/bolgeplani2014_2023web.pdf).
[4] Can urban sprawl lead to urban people governing rural areas? Evidence from the Dywity Commune, Poland Alina Źróbek-Różańska, Daniel Zadworny, Cities 59 (2016) pp. 57–65.
[5] Challenges to planning for rural character: A case study from exurban southern New England Matthew J. Zabik, David L. Prytherch, Cities 31 (2013) pp. 186–196.
[6] Corine Project. 2015. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Retrieved from (https://corine.tarimorman.gov.tr/corineportal/)
[7] Directorate General of State Railways. (2010). High Speed Train Projects. Retrieved from (http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/).
[8] Erbaş, A.E. (2018). İstanbul Metropoliten Alanı’nda 1980 Sonrası Kentsel Gelişme Dinamikleri ve İdari Coğrafyada Sınır Değişiklikleri, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 5(1), 17–38. Abstract retrieved from (https://dergipark.org.tr/download/article-file/477488).
[9] Ergin, Ş., Güney, M., (2012). Kentsel Alan Sınırının Denetlenebilirliği ve İl Sınırı İle İlişkilendirilmesi (Report of Scientific Research Project). İzmir, Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Architecture.
[10] Ergin, Ş., Çukur, D. (2007). Şehir Planlamada Modül Kullanımı ya da Bir Öncekine Yanıt. Journal of Egemimarlık, 2(61), pp. 22–25.
[11] Efe, M., (2003). Kentsel Tarım ve Şehir Planlamaya Entegrasyonu (Master Thesis). Retrieved from (http://acikerisim.deu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12397/8948).
[12] General Directorate of Highways. (2008). Bilecik Bursa Highways. Retrieved from (http://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Duyurular/bozuyuk.pdf)
[13] General Directorate of Highways. (2010). Bursa-Bozüyük-Eskişhir Highways. Retrieved from (http://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Bolgeler/14Bolge/11-BİLECİK.pdf).
[14] General Provincial Directorate of Rural Services of Bilecik (1999).
[15] Gürel, S. (1978). Kent Planlama Kuramına Doğru, Kent Olgusuna Bütüncül Bir Yaklaşım. İzmir: Karınca Publishing.
[16] Geron, R. (2004). 21.Yüzyılda Zaman ve Kimlik Bağlamında Algılanan Sınır Üzerine Bir İnceleme, (Master’s Thesis) İstanbul Technical University, Turkey. Retrieved from (https://polen.itu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11527/11446/8031.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y).
[17] Hançerlioğlu, O. (2012). Felsefe Sözlüğü (Philosophy Dictionary). İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
[18] Hasol, D. (1988). Ansiklopedik Mimarlık Sözlüğü, (Encyclopaedic Architecture Dictionary). İstanbul: Yem Publishing, Yapı Endüstri Merkezi Publishing.
[19] Heimlich, R. E., Anderson, W. D. (2001). Development at the Urban Fringe and Beyond: Impacts on Agriculture and Rural. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report No 803.
[20] Environmental protection and sustainable development – landscape planning Effect of Urban Planning Decisions on the Conservation and Sustainability of Agricultural Lands in Urla, Izmir L. Unverdi*, N. K. Unverdi.
[21] Karataş, N. (2007). Impact of Urban Sprawl upon Landovner Property Ownership in Ayrancilar-Torbali, Izmir (1968–2000). Union of Turkish Engineers and Architects, Chamber of City Planners Publication (Ankara), 40 (2).
[22] Keleş, R. (1980). Kentbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü. Ankara: Turkish Language Society Publishing, Sevinç Publishing.
[23] Keleş, R. (1998). Kentbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü (2nd ed.). Ankara: İmge Publishing.
[24] Kusuluoglu, D., Aytaç, G. (2014). Sustainability of Urban Fringes. Case Study of Arnavutkoy, Istanbul. J Environ Prot Ecol, 15 (2), 779.
[25] Managing urban growth in the city of Amman, Jordan Jamal Ahmad Alnsour, Cities 50 (2016) pp. 93–99.
[26] Ministry of Agriculture. (2005). 5403 Soil Protection and Land Use Act. Retrieved from (http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5403.pdf).
[27] Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. (1989). Implementing Regulation on Use of Agricultural Areas with Non-Agricultural Purpose. Retrieved from (http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/texts/tur23642.doc).
[28] Municipality of Bilecik-Merkez. (1999). Bilecik Additional and Revision Implementation Development Plan. Bilecik: Municipality of Bilecik-Merkez.
[29] Municipality of Bozüyük. (2012). Master Development Plan of Bozüyük in 2012. Bozüyük: Municipality of Bozüyük.
[30] Municipality of Bilecik, Database of GIS. (1999). Land Classes in 1999. Bilecik: Municipality of Bilecik.
[31] Municipality of Bilecik, Database of GIS. (2004). Mapping of Qualitative Distribution of Agricultural Land. Bilecik: Municipality of Bilecik.
[32] Municipality of Bilecik, Database of GIS. (2004). Mapping of Lands Use of Agricultural Purposes. Bilecik: Municipality of Bilecik.
[33] Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. (2004). 1/100.000 Scale Environmental Plan of Bilecik. Retrieved from (https://mpgm.csb.gov.tr/bilecik-ili-1-100.000-olcekli-cevre-duzeni-plani-plan-paftasi-ve-plan-hukumleri-i-82282)
[34] Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. (2008). Explanation Report of 1/100.000 Scale Environmental Plan of Bilecik. Retrieved from (https://mpgm.csb.gov.tr/bilecik-ili-1-100.000-olcekli-cevre-duzeni-plani-plan-paftasi-ve-plan-hukumleri-i-82282).
[35] Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. (2014). Codes of Spatial Planning. Retrieved from (https://mpgm.csb.gov.tr/bilecik-ili-1-100.000-olcekli-cevre-duzeni-plani-plan-paftasi-ve-plan-hukumleri-i-82282).
[36] Municipality of Gölpazarı. (2010). Gölpazarı Additional and Revision Development Plan in 2010. Gölpazarı: Municipality of Gölpazarı.
[37] Municipality of İnhisar. (1999). İnhisar Implementation Development Plan in 1999. İnhisar: Municipality of İnhisar.
[38] The Ministry of Internal Affairs, General Directorate of Provincial Administration. (2018) Statistical Information. Retrieved from (https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/illeridaresi/istatistiki-bilgiler1).
[39] Municipality of Osmaneli. (2004). Osmaneli Implementation Development Plan in 2004. Osmaneli: Municipality of Osmaneli.
[40] Municipality of Söğüt. (2017). Master Development Plan of Söğüt in 2015. Söğüt: Municipality of Söğüt.
[41] Municipality of Pazaryeri. (2016). Master Development Plan with the Scale of 1/5000 of Pazaryeri. Pazaryeri: Municipality of Pazaryeri.
[42] Municipality of Yenipazar. (2016). Yenipazar Implementation Development Plan. Yenipazar: Municipality of Yenipazar.
[43] Özcan, M. (2009). Ortadoğu’da Sınırlar ve Sorunlar, Journal of Analysis, 74. Retrieved from (http://www.anlayis.net/makaleGoster.aspx?makaleid=2080).
[44] The changing rural-urban divide in China's megacities Chen Chen, Richard LeGates, Min Zhao, Chenhao Fang, Cities 81 (2018) 81–90.
[45] Turkish Language Society. (2019). Türkçe Sözlük (Turkish Dictionary). Retrieved from (http://sozluk.gov.tr/).
[46] Turkish Statistical Institute. (2018). Average Household Size. Retrieved from (http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do).
[47] Turkish Statistical Institute. (2019). Regional Statistics Agriculture Data. Retrieved from (http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do).
[48] Yüksekli, B., Özerk, G., & Çivici, T. (2015). Kentsel Sınırlar: Balıkesir İstasyon Bölgesi ve Çevresinin Sınır Kavramı Aracılığıyla İncelenmesi. Journal of Cukurova University Architecture Faculty, 30(2), 333–344.