Professional Management on Ecotourism and Conservation to Ensure the Future of Komodo National Park

Authors: Daningsih Sulaeman, Achmad Sjarmidi, Djoko T. Iskandar

Abstract:

Komodo National Park can be associated with the implementation of ecotourism program. The result of Principal Components Analysis is synthesized, tested, and compared to the basic concept of ecotourism with some field adjustments. Principal aspects of professional management should involve ecotourism and wildlife welfare. The awareness should be focused on the future of the Natural Park as 7^th Wonder Natural Heritage and its wildlife components, free from human wastes and beneficial to wildlife and local people. According to perceptions and expectations of visitors from various results of tourism programs, the visitor’s perceptions showed that the tourism management in Komodo National Park should pay more attention to visitor's satisfaction and expectation and gives positive impact directly to the ecosystem sustainability, local community and transparency to the conservation program.

Keywords: 7th Wonders of Nature, Ecotourism, Komodo dragon, visitor’s perceptions, wildlife management.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3462057

References:

[1] Bright, M., 2011. 1001 Natural Wonders: You Must See Before You Die. Hachette UK.
[2] Walpole, M.J. and Leader-Williams, N., 2002. Tourism and flagship species in conservation. Biodiversity & Conservation, 11(3), pp. 543-547.
[3] Ciofi C. and De Boer M.E., 2004. Distribution and conservation of the Komodo monitor Varanus komodoensis. Herpetological Journal, 14, pp. 99–107.
[4] World Conservation Monitoring Centre., 1996. Varanus komodoensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T22884A9396736.
[5] Lasso, A.H. and Dahles, H., 2017. Tourism development and local livelihood on Komodo Island, Indonesia. CAUTHE 2017: Time For Big Ideas? Re-thinking The Field For Tomorrow, p. 9.
[6] Erb, M., 2015. Sailing to Komodo: Contradictions of Tourism and Development in Eastern Indonesia. Austrian Journal of South- East Asian Studies, 8(2), p. 143.
[7] Ismayanti, T. and Prasetyo, M.P., 2016. Marketing strategy for ASEAN tourist.
[8] Ratman, D.R., 2016. Akselerasi pembangunan kepariwisataan dalam rangka pencapaian target 12 juta wisman dan 260 juta wisnus 2016. http:/www.kemenpar.go.id./userfiles/Paparan%20-%20Deputi%20Bidang%20Pengembangan%20Pemasaran%20Pariwisata%20Nusantara.pdf.
[9] Blower, J.H., van der Zon, A.P.M. and Mulyana, Y., 1977. Nature conservation and wildlife management project, (Indonesia). Proposed Komodo National Park, management plan 1978-1982. Field report 3.
[10] Jessop, T.S., Forsyth, D.M., Purwandana, D., Imansyah, M.J., Opat, D.S. and McDonald-Madden, E., 2005. Monitoring the ungulate prey of Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) using faecal counts. Report from the Zoological Society of San Diego, Komodo National Park, and The Nature Conservancy. Labuan Bajo, Flores.
[11] Ciofi, C., Puswati, J., Winana, D., de Boer, M.E., Chelazzi, G. and Sastrawan, P., 2007. Preliminary analysis of home range structure in the Komodo monitor, Varanus komodoensis. Copeia, 2007(2), pp. 462-470.
[12] Pramudya, A.D., 2016. Dampak aktivitas manusia terhadap pemilihan sarang untuk bertelur oleh Komodo (Varanus komodoensis) saat musim bersarang di pulau Komodo, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Magister Biology Thesis, Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati-Institut Teknologi Bandung.
[13] Nirwandar, S., 2015. Ecotourism in Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Pariwisata.
[14] Ceballos-Lascurain, H., 1996. Tourism, ecotourism, and protected areas: The state of nature-based tourism around the world and guidelines for its development. IUCN.
[15] Liestiandre, H.K., Mertha, I.W., Mahadewi, N.M.E. and Tirtawati, N.M., 2017. Tourists` Willingness to pay for Destination Quality Improvement in Komodo National Park. Scientific Committee, p. 97.
[16] Christensen, .B., Johnson, B. and Turner, L.A., 2014. Research methods, design, and analysis. Pearson. pp. 313-342.
[17] Allen, I.E. and Seaman, C.A., 2007. Likert scales and data analyses. Quality progress, 40(7), p. 64.
[18] Boone, H.N. and Boone, D.A., 2012. Analyzing likert data. Journal of Extension, 50(2), pp. 1-5.
[19] Johnson, R.A. and Wichern, D., 2002. Multivariate analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[20] Ellen, S., 2012. Slovin’s Formula Sampling Techniques. Forth worth. Dryden Press.
[21] Sevilla, C.G., 1992. Research methods. Rex Bookstore, Inc.
[22] Wold, S., Esbensen, K. and Geladi, P., 1987. Principal component analysis. Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems, 2(1-3), pp. 37-52.
[23] Jolliffe, I.T., 1986. Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis. In principal component analysis, Springer New York, pp. 115-128.
[24] Eagles, P.F., 1992. The travel motivations of Canadian ecotourists Journal of Travel Research, 31(2), pp. 3-7.
[25] https://www.worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaId/67725 (accessed on May 1, 2018).
[26] PHKA., 2000. Rencana pengelolaan 25 tahun Taman Nasional Komodo, buku I: rencana pengelolaan. Jakarta: PHKA, The Nature Conservancy, Manggarai District Authority.
[27] Borchers, H., 2002. Ecotourism as a conservation strategy in Komodo National Park, Indonesia. In Conference Contesting Development: Pathways to Better Practice, 3rd Biennial Conference of the International Development Studies Network of Aotearoa New Zealand, Massey University, Palmerston North, pp. 3-5.