Experimental Analysis of Control in Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based Grid Tied Photovoltaic-Battery System

Authors: A. Hassoune, M. Khafallah, A. Mesbahi, T. Bouragba

Abstract:

This work presents an improved strategy of control for charging a lithium-ion battery in an electric vehicle charging station using two charger topologies i.e. single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) and forward converter. In terms of rapidity and accuracy, the power system consists of a topology/control diagram that would overcome the performance constraints, for instance the power instability, the battery overloading and how the energy conversion blocks would react efficiently to any kind of perturbations. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed topologies operated with a power management algorithm based on voltage/peak current mode controls. In order to provide credible findings, a low power prototype is developed to test the control strategy via experimental evaluations of the converter topology and its controls.

Keywords: Battery charger, forward converter, lithium-ion, management algorithm, SEPIC.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2702875

References:

[1] A. Moro and L. Lonza, “Electricity carbon intensity in European Member States: Impacts on GHG emissions of electric vehicles,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 64, pp. 5–14, Oct. 2018.
[2] K. Engeland, M. Borga, J.-D. Creutin, B. François, M.-H. Ramos, and J.-P. Vidal, “Space-time variability of climate variables and intermittent renewable electricity production – A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 79, pp. 600–617, Nov. 2017.
[3] A. Luo, Q. Xu, F. Ma, and Y. Chen, “Overview of power quality analysis and control technology for the smart grid,” Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 4, pp. 1–9, Jan. 2016.
[4] N. Tewari and V. T. Sreedevi, “A novel single switch dc-dc converter with high voltage gain capability for solar PV based power generation systems,” Solar Energy, vol. 171, pp. 466–477, Sep. 2018.
[5] A. Hassoune, M. Khafallah, A. Mesbahi, and D. Breuil, “Electrical design of a photovoltaic-grid system for electric vehicles charging station,” 2017 14th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), Mar. 2017.
[6] S. Chalise, J. Sternhagen, T. M. Hansen, and R. Tonkoski, “Energy management of remote microgrids considering battery lifetime,” The Electricity Journal, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1–10, Jul. 2016.
[7] S. Rivera and B. Wu, “Electric Vehicle Charging Station With an Energy Storage Stage for Split-DC Bus Voltage Balancing,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 2376–2386, Mar. 2017.
[8] “ABB Launching 350 kW EV Fast Charger At Hannover Messe (Online). Available: https://cleantechnica.com/2018/04/25/abb-launching-350-kw-ev-fast-charger-at-hannover-messe/ (Accessed: 25-April-2018).
[9] L. Pan and C. Zhang, “Performance Enhancement of Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles Using Resonant Controllers,” Energy Procedia, vol. 105, pp. 3990–3996, May 2017.
[10] F. Roccaforte, P. Fiorenza, G. Greco, R. Lo Nigro, F. Giannazzo, F. Iucolano, and M. Saggio, “Emerging trends in wide band gap semiconductors (SiC and GaN) technology for power devices,” Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 187–188, pp. 66–77, Feb. 2018.
[11] M. Khalilian and E. Adib, “Soft-single-switched dual forward-flyback PWM DC-DC converter with non-dissipative LC circuit,” 2015 23rd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, May 2015.
[12] A. Hassoune, M. Khafallah, A. Mesbahi, and T. Bouragba, “Smart topology of EVs in a PV-grid system based charging station,” 2017 International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), Nov. 2017.
[13] J. P. Torreglosa, P. García-Triviño, L. M. Fernández-Ramirez, and F. Jurado, “Decentralized energy management strategy based on predictive controllers for a medium voltage direct current photovoltaic electric vehicle charging station,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 108, pp. 1–13, Jan. 2016.
[14] C.-T. Tsai, T.-C. Liang, Y.-C. Kuo, and Y.-C. Luo, “An improved forward converter with PFC and ZVS features for split-phase charger applications,” Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 51, pp. 291–303, Apr. 2016.
[15] T.-C. Huang, Y.-G. Leu, Y.-C. Chang, S.-Y. Hou, and C.-C. Li, “An energy harvester using self-powered feed forward converter charging approach,” Energy, vol. 55, pp. 769–777, Jun. 2013.
[16] J. López, S. I. Seleme, P. F. Donoso, L. M. F. Morais, P. C. Cortizo, and M. A. Severo, “Digital control strategy for a buck converter operating as a battery charger for stand-alone photovoltaic systems,” Solar Energy, vol. 140, pp. 171–187, Dec. 2016.
[17] S. Venkatanarayanan and M. R. M. Nanthini, “Design and Implementation of SEPIC and Boost Converters for Wind and Fuel cell Applications,” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 378-383, Mar. 2014,
[18] J. C. Rosas-Caro, V. M. Sanchez, R. F. Vazquez-Bautista, L. J. Morales-Mendoza, J. C. Mayo-Maldonado, P. M. Garcia-Vite, and R. Barbosa, “A novel DC-DC multilevel SEPIC converter for PEMFC systems,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 41, no. 48, pp. 23401–23408, Dec. 2016.
[19] K. Uddin, A. D. Moore, A. Barai, and J. Marco, “The effects of high frequency current ripple on electric vehicle battery performance,” Applied Energy, vol. 178, pp. 142–154, Sep. 2016.
[20] Y. Guo, Z. Zhao, and L. Huang, “SoC Estimation of Lithium Battery Based on AEKF Algorithm,” Energy Procedia, vol. 105, pp. 4146–4152, May 2017.
[21] D. A. Sbordone, B. Di Pietra, and E. Bocci, “Energy Analysis of a Real Grid Connected Lithium Battery Energy Storage System,” Energy Procedia, vol. 75, pp. 1881–1887, Aug. 2015.
[22] G. Zubi, R. Dufo-López, M. Carvalho, and G. Pasaoglu, “The lithium-ion battery: State of the art and future perspectives,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 89, pp. 292–308, Jun. 2018.
[23] V. Lystianingrum, B. Hredzak, and V. G. Agelidis, “Multiple model estimator based detection of abnormal cell overheating in a Li-ion battery string with minimum number of temperature sensors,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 273, pp. 1171–1181, Jan. 2015.
[24] A. Hassoune, M. Khafallah, A. Mesbahi, and T. Bouragba “Power Management Strategies of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based Grid Tied PV-Battery System,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 851-860, Jun. 2018.
[25] S. Guo, R. Xiong, K. Wang, and F. Sun, “A novel echelon internal heating strategy of cold batteries for all-climate electric vehicles application,” Applied Energy, vol. 219, pp. 256–263, Jun. 2018.
[26] A. Hassoune, M. Khafallah, A. Mesbahi, L. Benaaouinate, and T. Bouragba, “Control Strategies of a Smart Topology of EVs Charging Station Based Grid Tied RES-Battery,” International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), vol. 13, no. 5, p. 385-396, Oct. 2018.