Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in Ha’il Region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Clinicopathological Study

Authors: Laila Seada, Nouf Al Gharbi, Shaimaa Dawa

Abstract:

Although skin cancers are prevalent worldwide, it is uncommon in Ha’il region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, mostly non-melanoma sub-type. During a 4-year period from 2014 to 2017, out of a total of 120 cases of skin lesions, 29 non-melanoma cancers were retrieved from histopathology files obtained from King Khalid Hospital. As part of the study, all cases of skin cancer diagnosed during 2014 -2017 have been revised and the clinicopathological data recorded. The results show that Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the most common neoplasm (36%), followed by cutaneous lymphomas (mostly mycosis fungoides 25%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (21%) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) (11%). Only one case of metastatic carcinoma was recorded. BCC nodular type was the most prevalent, with a mean age 57.6 years and mean size 2.73 cm. SCC was mostly grade 2, with mean size 1.9 cm and an older mean age of 72.3 cm. Increased size of lesion positively correlated with older age (p = 0.001). Non-melanoma skin cancer in Ha’il region is not frequently encountered. BCC is the most frequent followed by cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and SCC. The findings in this study were in accordance with other parts of, but much lower than other parts of the world.

Keywords: Non melanoma skin cancer, Hail Region, histopathology, BCC.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2571910

References:

[1] Guy GP Jr, Machlin SR, Ekwueme DU, Yabroff KR: Prevalence and costs of skin cancer treatment in the U.S., 2002-2006 and 2007-2011. Am J Prev Med. 2015 Feb;48(2):183-187. Epub 2014 Nov 10.
[2] Lupu M, Caruntu A, Caruntu C, Papagheorghe LML, Ilie MA, Voiculescu V, Boda D, Constantin C, Tanase C, Sifaki M, Drakoulis N, Mamoulakis C, Tzanakakis G, Neagu M, Spandidos DA, Izotov BN, Tsatsakis AM. Neuroendocrine factors: The missing link in non melanoma skin cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 2017 Sep;38(3):1327-1340. doi: 10.3892/or.2017.5817. Epub 2017 Jul 13.
[3] Stenehjem JS, Robsahm TE, Bråtveit M, Samuelsen SO, Kirkeleit J, Grimsrud TK: Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer risk in offshore workers. Occup Med (Lond). 2017 Oct 1; 67(7):569-573.
[4] Azizova TV, Bannikova MV, Grigoryeva ES, Rybkina VL: Risk of malignant skin neoplasms in a cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation at low dose rates. PLoS One. 2018 Oct 5;13(10).
[5] Rao P, Liegeois NJ, McNiff JM, Nghiem P, Prieto VG, Smith MT, Smoller BR, Wick MR, Frishberg D: Protocol for the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin. Washington: College of American Pathologists (CAP), 1996-2010. September 2012.
[6] Koyuncuer A. Histopathological evaluation of non-melanoma skin cancer. World J Surg Oncol. 2014 May 21;12:159. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-159.
[7] Ibrahim O, Gastman B, Zhang A: Advances in diagnosis and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Ann Plast Surg. 2014 Nov;73(5):615-9.
[8] Arora A, Attwood J. Common skin cancers and their precursors. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2009 Jun 30;89(3):703-12.
[9] AlSalman SA, Alkaff TM, Alzaid T, Binamer Y: Nonmelanoma skin cancer in Saudi Arabia: single center experience. Ann Saudi Med. 2018 Jan-Feb;38(1):42-45.
[10] Paolino G, Donati M, Didona D, Mercuri SR, Cantisani C : Histology of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: An Update. Biomedicines. 2017 Dec; 5(4): 71.
[11] Newlands C , Currie R, Memon A, Whitaker S, Woolford T: Non-melanoma skin cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016 May; 130(Suppl 2): S125–S132.
[12] Diepgen TL, Mahler V. The epidemiology of skin cancer. British Journal of Dermatology. 2002 Apr 1;146(s61):1-6.
[13] Saudi Cancer Registry, cancer incidence report, Saudi Arabia, 2010.
[14] Albasri AM, Borhan WM: Histopathological pattern of skin cancer in Western region of Saudi Arabia, an 11 years experience. Saudi Med J. 2018 Oct; 39(10):994-998.
[15] Seada LS, Al Rashid F, Negm A: A 4 year study of thyroid carcinoma in Ha’il Region. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol:10, No:12, 2016.
[16] Seada LS, Al Rashid F, Ibrahim A: Changing pattern of Colorectal Cancer in Ha’il Region. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol:8, No:10, 2017.
[17] Scotto J, Kopf AW, Urbach F. Non?melanoma skin cancer among caucasians in four areas of the United States. Cancer. 1974 Oct 1;34(4):1333-8.