Reaction Rate of Olive Stone during Combustion in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed

Authors: A. Soria-Verdugo, M. Rubio-Rubio, J. Arrieta, N. García-Hernando

Abstract:

Combustion of biomass is a promising alternative to reduce the high pollutant emission levels associated to the combustion of fossil flues due to the net null emission of CO₂ attributed to biomass. However, the biomass selected should also have low contents of nitrogen and sulfur to limit the NO_x and SO_x emissions derived from its combustion. In this sense, olive stone is an excellent fuel to power combustion reactors with reduced levels of pollutant emissions. In this work, the combustion of olive stone particles is analyzed experimentally in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor (BFB). The bubbling fluidized bed reactor was installed over a scale, conforming a macro-TGA. In both equipment, the evolution of the mass of the samples was registered as the combustion process progressed. The results show a much faster combustion process in the bubbling fluidized bed reactor compared to the thermogravimetric analyzer measurements, due to the higher heat transfer coefficient and the abrasion of the fuel particles by the bed material in the BFB reactor.

Keywords: Olive stone, combustion, reaction rate, thermogravimetric analysis, fluidized bed.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3607795

References:

[1] M. Hupa, O. Karlström, E. Vainio, "Biomass combustion technology development – It is all about chemical details”, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute vol. 36 pp. 113-134, 2017.
[2] J. F. González, C. M. González-García, A. Ramiro, J. González, E. Sabio, J. Gañán, M. A. Rodríguez, “Combustion optimisation of biomass residue pellets for domestic heating with a mural boiler”, Biomass & Bioenergy vol. 27 pp. 145-154, 2004.
[3] T. Miranda, A. Esteban, S. Rojas, I. Montero, A. Ruiz, “Combustion Analysis of Different Olive Residues”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences vol. 9 pp. 512-525, 2008.
[4] F. J. Gómez-de la Cruz, P. J. Casanova-Peláez, J. M. Palomar-Carnicero, F. Cruz-Peragón, “Drying kinetics of olive stone: A valuable source of biomass obtained in the olive oil extraction”, Energy vol. 75 pp. 146-152, 2014.
[5] F. F. Costa, G. Wang, M. Costa, “Combustion kinetics and particle fragmentation of raw and torrified pine shells and olive stones in a drop tube furnace”, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute vol. 35 pp. 3591-3599, 2015.
[6] H. Thunman, B. Leckner, F. Niklasson, F. Johnsson, “Combustion of wood particles – A particle model for Eulerian calculations”, Combustion and Flame vol. 129 pp. 30-46, 2002.
[7] Y. Haseli, J.A. van Oijen, L.P.H. de Goey, “A detailed one-dimensional model of combustion of a woody biomass particle”, Bioresource Technology vol. 102 pp. 9772-9782, 2011.
[8] X. Jiang, D. Chen, Z. Ma, J. Yan, “Models for the combustion of single solid fuel particles in fluidized beds: A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol. 68 pp. 410-431, 2017.
[9] J. Porteiro, J. L. Míguez, E. Granada, J.C. Moran, “Mathematical modelling of the combustion of a single wood particle”, Fuel Processing Technology vol. 87 pp. 169-175, 2006.
[10] J. Porteiro, E. Granada, J. Collazo, D. Patiño, J.C. Morán, “A model for the combustion of large particles of densified wood”, Energy & Fuels vol. 21 pp. 3151-3159, 2007.
[11] A. Soria-Verdugo, E. Goos, J. Arrieta-Sanagustín, N. Garcia-Hernando, “Modeling of the pyrolysis of biomass under parabolic and exponential temperature increases using the Distributed Activation Energy Model”, Energy Conversion and Management vol. 118 pp. 223-230, 2016.
[12] A. Soria-Verdugo, E. Goos, N. Garcia-Hernando, U. Riedel, “Analyzing the pyrolysis kinetics of several microalgae species by various differential and integral isoconversional kinetic methods and the Distributed Activation Energy Model”, Energy Conversion and Management vol. 32 pp. 11-29, 2018.
[13] A. Soria-Verdugo, M. Rubio-Rubio, E. Goos, U. Riedel, “Combining the Lumped Capacitance Method and the simplified Distributed Activation Energy Model to describe the pyrolysis of thermally small biomass particles”, Energy Conversion and Management vol. 175 pp. 164-172, 2018.
[14] A. Soria-Verdugo, A. Morato-Godino, L. M. García-Gutiérrez, N. García-Hernando, “Pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a fixed and a bubbling fluidized bed – Estimation and experimental validation of the pyrolysis time”, Energy Conversion and Management vol. 144 pp. 235-242, 2017.
[15] A. Morato-Godino, S. Sánchez-Delgado, N. García-Hernando, A. Soria-Verdugo, “Pyrolysis of Cynara cardunculus L. samples – Effect of operating conditions and bed stage on the evolution of the conversion”, Chemical Engineering Journal vol. 351, pp. 371-381, 2018.
[16] D. Geldart, “Types of gas fluidization”, Powder Technology vol. 7 pp. 285-292, 1973.
[17] D. Kunii, O. Levenspiel, “Fluidization Engineering”, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 1991.
[18] P.C. Carman, “Fluid flow through granular beds”, Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineers vol. 15 pp. 150-166, 1937.
[19] J. Sánchez-Prieto, A. Soria-Verdugo, J. V. Briongos, D. Santana, “The effect of temperature on the distributor design in bubbling fluidized beds”, Powder Technology vol. 261 pp. 176–184, 2014.