Monitoring Co-Creation: A Survey of Lithuanian Urban Communities

Authors: Aelita Skarzauskiene, Monika Maciuliene

Abstract:

In this paper, we conduct a systematic survey of urban communities in Lithuania to evaluate their potential to co-create collective intelligence or “civic intelligence” applying Digital Co-creation Index methodology that includes different socio-technological indicators. Civic intelligence is a form of collective intelligence that refers to the group’s capacity to perceive societal problems and to address them effectively. The research focuses on evaluation of diverse organizational designs that increase efficient collective performance. The current scientific project advanced the state of the art by evaluating the basic preconditions in the urban communities through which the collective intelligence is being co-created under the systemic manner. The research subject is the “bottom up” digital enabled urban platforms, initiated by Lithuanian public organizations, civic movements or business entities. The web-based monitoring results obtained by applying a social indices calculation methodology and Pearson correlation analysis provided the information about the potential and limits of the urban communities and what possible changes need to be implemented to overcome the limitations.

Keywords: Computer supported collaboration, co-creation, collective intelligence, socio-technological system, networked society.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2022005

References:

[1] Knight Foundation. 2015. Assessing Civic Tech: Case Studies and Resources for Tracking Outcomes. New York: Knight Foundation.
[2] M. Mačiulienė and A. Mačiulis. 2016. Public spaces as evolving frameworks: applying principles of co-creation in urban planning. Enhancing places through technology: proceedings from the iCiTy conference, Valletta, Malta - 18-19 April, 2016, p. 257-266.
[3] J. Surowiecki. 2004. The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, New York, NY: Anchor Books.
[4] T. W. Malone, R. Laubacher and C. Dellarocas. 2010. The collective intelligence genome. MIT Sloan Management Review, 51(3), 21–31.
[5] D. Engel, A.W. Woolley, L. X. Jing, C. F. Chabris and T. Malone C. 2014. Reading the Mind in the Eyes or Reading between the Lines? Theory of Mind Predicts Collective Intelligence Equally Well Online and Face-To-Face. PLOS ONE, 9(12): e115212.
[6] P. Prieto-Martín, L. de Marcos and J. J. Martínez. 2012. The e-(R)evolution will not be funded. European Journal of ePractice, 15(March), 62–89.
[7] A. Dahl and J. Soss. 2014. Neoliberalism for the Common Good? Public Value Governance and the Downsizing of Democracy. Public Administration Review, 74(4), 496–504.
[8] J. Sandfort and K. S. Quick. 2015. Building Deliberative Capacity for Public Value. In J. Bryson, L. Bloomberg, & B. Crosby (Eds.), Public Value and Public Administration (pp. 39–52). Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
[9] Bollier. 2017. The Blockchain: A Promising New Infrastructure for Online Commons. Rerieved (31.03.2018) from http://www.bollier.org/blog/blockchain-promising-new-infrastructure-online-commons.
[10] M. Arniani, A. Badii, A. De Liddo, S. Georgi, A. Passani, L.S.G. Piccolo and M. Teli. 2014. Collective Awareness Platform for Sustainability and Social Innovation: An Introduction. France/Nice.
[11] L. Brown and S. P. Osborne. 2012. Risk and innovation: Public management review’. Public Management Review, 15(2), 186–208.
[12] R. Krimmer, T. Kalvet, M. Toots and K. McBride. 2016. OpenGovIntelligence: Fostering Innovation and Creativity in Europe through Public Administration Modernization towards Supplying and Exploiting Linked Open Statistical Data.
[13] E. Badger. 2012. The next big start-up wave: Civic technology. Retrieved May 14, 2017, from http://www.citylab.com/tech/2012/06/next-big-start-wave-civic-technology/2265/.
[14] M. V. Suri. 2013. From Crowdsourcing Potholes to Community Policing: Applying Interoperability Theory to Analyze the Expansion of “Open311.” Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2013-18, 7641.
[15] A. Skaržauskienė, J. Ewart, B. Krzywosz-Rynkiewizc, A. Zalewska, E. Leichteris, A. Mačiulis, T. Valys et al. 2015. Social technologies and collective intelligence. Vilnius: Mykolas Romeris University.
[16] S. Wise, R.A. Paton and T. Gegenhuber. 2012. Value co-creation through collective intelligence in the public sector: A review of US and European initiatives. Vine, 42(2).
[17] J. G. McNutt, J. B. Justice, J. M. Melitski, M. J. Ahn, S. R. Siddiqui, D. T. Carter and A. D. Kline. 2016. The diffusion of civic technology and open government in the United States. Information Polity, 21(2), 153–170.
[18] B. Brunalas. 2015. Identity influence on problem solving performance in networked society. In Social technologies and collective intelligence, Vilnius, Baltijos kopija, 54-69.
[19] M. Bauerlein. 2008. The Dumbest Generation. New York: Penguin Group.
[20] A. Portes. 2000. Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology. In E. Lesser (Ed.), Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundations and Applications (pp. 43–67). Boston, MA: Butterworth- Heinemann.
[21] Pew Research Centre. 2014. A Fragile Rebound for EU Image on Eve of European Parliament Elections. Washington, DC: PeW Global Publishing.
[22] Eurobarometer. 2016. Public opinion in the European Union. Brussels: European Commission.
[23] DESI. 2017. Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2017 Results, Brussels. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/desi.
[24] A. Guogis and M. Urvikis. 2011. Social Welfare, New Public Management and New Public Governance: Contemporary Challenges. Viešasis Administravimas, 3, 77–86.
[25] A. Skaržauskienė and L. Gudelytė. 2015. Assessment of collective intelligence: methodological problems and perspectives. Proceedings of the 14th European conference on research methodology for business and management studies, ECRM 2015: University of Malta Valletta, 11-12 June 2015, 195-202.
[26] A. Skaržauskienė, B. Pitrėnaitė-Žilėnienė, E. Leichteris, Ž. Paunksnienė, M. Mačiulienė. 2014. Social technologies for developing collective intelligence in networked society. Collective Intelligence 2014 Proceedings: June 10-12, 2014, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1-4.
[27] A. Skaržauskienė, D. Hartmann, B. Mikulskienė and M. Mačiulienė. 2015. Collective intelligence monitoring technique. Collective Intelligence 2015 Proceedings: May 31- June 2, 2015, Santa Clara 1-4.
[28] M. Mačiulienė. 2018. Modelling co-creative ecosystem in the context of technological development. Vilnius: Mykolas Romeris University.
[29] M.Maciuliene, A. Skaržauskienė. 2018. Methodology for Co-creating Public Open Spaces. Proceedings of GIKA, Valencia, spain.