Extraction of Natural Colorant from the Flowers of Flame of Forest Using Ultrasound

Authors: Sunny Arora, Meghal A. Desai

Abstract:

An impetus towards green consumerism and implementation of sustainable techniques, consumption of natural products and utilization of environment friendly techniques have gained accelerated acceptance. Butein, a natural colorant, has many medicinal properties apart from its use in dyeing industries. Extraction of butein from the flowers of flame of forest was carried out using ultrasonication bath. Solid loading (2-6 g), extraction time (30-50 min), volume of solvent (30-50 mL) and types of solvent (methanol, ethanol and water) have been studied to maximize the yield of butein using the Taguchi method. The highest yield of butein 4.67% (w/w) was obtained using 4 g of plant material, 40 min of extraction time and 30 mL volume of methanol as a solvent. The present method provided a greater reduction in extraction time compared to the conventional method of extraction. Hence, the outcome of the present investigation could further be utilized to develop the method at a higher scale.

Keywords: Butein, flowers of flame of forest, Taguchi method, ultrasonic bath.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1340544

References:

[1] W.S. Alencar, E.C. Lima, B. Royer, B.D. dos Santos, T. Calvete, E.A. da Silva, and C.N. Alves, "Application of aqai stalks as biosorbents for the removal of the dye procion blue MX-R from aqueous solution", Sep. Sci. Technol., vol. 47, pp. 513–526, 2012.
[2] N. Puvaneswari, J. Muthukrishnan, and P. Gunasekaran, "Toxicity assessment and microbial degradation of azo dyes", Indian J. Exp. Biol., vol. 44, pp. 618–626, 2006.
[3] S. Ali, N. Nisar, and T. Hussain, "Dyeing properties of natural dyes extracted from eucalyptus", J. Text. Inst., vol. 98, pp. 559–562, 2007.
[4] M. Yusuf, M. Shahid, S.A. Khan, M.I. Khan, S.U. Islam, F. Mohammad, and M.A. Khan, "Eco-Dyeing of wool using aqueous extract of the roots of Indian madder (Rubia cordifolia) as natural dye", J. Nat. Fibers., vol. 10, pp. 14–28, 2013.
[5] K. Sinha, P. Das Saha, and S. Datta, "Extraction of natural dye from petals of Flame of forest (Butea monosperma) flower: process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)", Dye. Pigment., vol. 94, pp. 212–216, 2012.
[6] K. Sinha, P. Das Saha, and S. Datta, "Response surface optimization and artificial neural network modeling of microwave assisted natural dye extraction from pomegranate rind", Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 37, pp. 408–414, 2012.
[7] V. Sivakumar, J.L. Anna, J. Vijayeeswarri, and G. Swaminathan, "Ultrasound assisted enhancement in natural dye extraction from beetroot for industrial applications and natural dyeing of leather", Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 16, pp. 782–789, 2009.
[8] T. Michel, E. Destandau, V. Pecher, I. Renimel, L. Pasquier, P. André, and C. Elfakir, "Two-step centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) fractionation of Butea monosperma (Lam.) biomarkers", Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 80, pp. 32–37, 2011.
[9] Y. Caro, L. Anamale, M. Fouillaud, P. Laurent, T. Petit and L. Duffose,"Natural hydroxyanthraquinoid pigments as potent food grade colorants:an overview", Nat. Prod. Bioprospect., vol. 2, pp. 174–193, 2012.
[10] A. Sehrawat, and V. Kumar, "Butein imparts free radical scavenging, anti-oxidative and proapoptotic properties in the flower extracts of Butea monosperma", Biocell., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 63–71, 2012.
[11] M.K. Pandey, B. Sung, K.S. Ahn, and B.B. Aggarwal, "Butein suppresses constitutive and inducible signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 activation and STAT3-regulated gene products through the induction of a protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1", Mol. Pharmacol., vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 525–533, 2009.
[12] Y. Wang, F.L. Chan, S. Chen, and L.K. Leung, "The plant polyphenol butein inhibits testosterone-induced proliferation in breast cancer cells expressing aromatase", Life Sci., vol. 77, pp. 39–51, 2005.
[13] C. C. Yit, and N. P. Das, "Cytotoxic effect of butein on human colon adenocarcinoma cell proliferation", Cancer Lett., vol. 82, pp. 65–72, 1994.
[14] N.Y. Kim, H.O. Pae, G.S. Oh, T.H. Kang, Y.C. Kim, H.Y. Rhew, and H.T. Chung, "Butein, a plant polyphenol, induces apoptosis concomitant with increased caspase-3 activity, decreased BCL-2 expression and increased Bax expression in HL-60 cells", Pharmacol Toxicol., vol. 88, pp. 261–266, 2001.
[15] B. Sung, S.G. Cho, M. Liu, B.B. Aggarwal, "Butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone, suppresses cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand signaling", Int. J. Cancer. vol. 129, pp. 2062–2072, 2011.
[16] Z. Rasheed, N. Akhtar, A. Khan, K. a Khan, and T.M. Haqqi, "Butrin, isobutrin, and butein from medicinal plant Butea monosperma selectively inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB in activated human mast cells: suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., vol. 333, no. 2,pp. 354–363,2010.
[17] F. Chemat, M.A. Vian, G. Cravotto, "Green extraction of natural products: Concept and principles", Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 13, pp. 8615–8627, 2012.
[18] F. Chemat, N. Rombaut, A.G. Sicaire, A. Meullemiestre, A.S. Fabiano-Tixier, M. Abert-Vian, "Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. a review", Ultrason. Sonochem. vol. 34, pp. 540–560, 2017.
[19] I.A. Saleh, M. Vinatoru, T.J. Mason, N.S. Abdel-Azim, E.A. Aboutabl, F.M. Hammouda, "A possible general mechanism for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) suggested from the results of UAE of chlorogenic acid from Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) leaves", Ultrason. Sonochem., vol. 31, pp. 330-336, 2016.
[20] M.A. Desai, J. Parikh, "Hydrotropic extraction of citral from Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 51, pp. 3750-3757, 2012.
[21] M.A. Desai, J. Parikh, A.K. De, "Modelling and optimization studies on extraction of lemongrass oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats", Chem. Eng. Res. Des., vol. 92, pp. 793-803, 2014.
[22] P.J. Ross, Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Co: New York, U.S.A., 1989.
[23] G. Taguchi, S. Chowdhury, Y. Wu, Taguchi’s Quality Engineering Handbook, John Wiley and Sons: New York, U.S.A., 2005.