Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32759
A Low-Power Two-Stage Seismic Sensor Scheme for Earthquake Early Warning System

Authors: Arvind Srivastav, Tarun Kanti Bhattacharyya

Abstract:

The north-eastern, Himalayan, and Eastern Ghats Belt of India comprise of earthquake-prone, remote, and hilly terrains. Earthquakes have caused enormous damages in these regions in the past. A wireless sensor network based earthquake early warning system (EEWS) is being developed to mitigate the damages caused by earthquakes. It consists of sensor nodes, distributed over the region, that perform majority voting of the output of the seismic sensors in the vicinity, and relay a message to a base station to alert the residents when an earthquake is detected. At the heart of the EEWS is a low-power two-stage seismic sensor that continuously tracks seismic events from incoming three-axis accelerometer signal at the first-stage, and, in the presence of a seismic event, triggers the second-stage P-wave detector that detects the onset of P-wave in an earthquake event. The parameters of the P-wave detector have been optimized for minimizing detection time and maximizing the accuracy of detection.Working of the sensor scheme has been verified with seven earthquakes data retrieved from IRIS. In all test cases, the scheme detected the onset of P-wave accurately. Also, it has been established that the P-wave onset detection time reduces linearly with the sampling rate. It has been verified with test data; the detection time for data sampled at 10Hz was around 2 seconds which reduced to 0.3 second for the data sampled at 100Hz.

Keywords: Earthquake early warning system, EEWS, STA/LTA, polarization, wavelet, event detector, P-wave detector.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1316802

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 709

References:


[1] S. K. Jain, “Indian earthquakes : An overview,” The Indian Concrete Journal, vol. 72, no. 11, 1998.
[2] D. Rai, G. Mondal, V. Singhal, N. Parool, and P. T., “2011 sikkim earthquake: Effects on building stocks and perspective on growing seismic risk,” in 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2012.
[3] K. Goda, T. Kiyota, R. M. Pokhrel, G. Chiaro, T. Katagiri, K. Sharma, and S. Wilkinson, “The 2015 gorkha nepal earthquake: Insights from earthquake damage survey,” Frontiers in Built Environment, vol. 1, p. 8, 2015.
[Online]. Available: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbuil.2015.00008
[4] Y. Nakamura, “Uredas, urgent earthquake detection and alarm system, now and future,” in 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2004.
[5] A. R.M., “The elarms earthquake early warning methodology and its application across california,” Earthquake Early Warning Systems, pp. 21–24, 2007.
[6] M. B¨ose, M. Erdik, and F. Wenzel1, A New Approach to Earthquake Early Warning. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007, pp. 65–83.
[7] R. V. Allen, “Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from single traces,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 68, no. 5, p. 1521, 1978.
[Online]. Available: + http://dx.doi.org/
[8] W. Jiang, H. Yu, L. Li, and L. Huang, “A robust algorithm for earthquake detector,” in 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2012.
[9] M. Withers, R. Aster, C. Young, J. Beiriger, M. Harris, S. Moore, and J. Trujillo, “A comparison of select trigger algorithms for automated global seismic phase and event detection,” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 88, no. 1, p. 95, 1998.
[Online]. Available: + http://dx.doi.org/
[10] E. Kanasewich, Time sequence analysis in geophysics. Third Ed., The University of Alberta Press, Alberta. The University of Alberta Press, Alberta, 1981.
[11] R. R. Leach and F. U. Dowla, “Earthquake early warning system using real-time signal processing,” in Neural Networks for Signal Processing VI. Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Signal Processing Society Workshop, Sep 1996, pp. 463–472.
[12] U. Antao, A. Dibazar, J. Choma, and T. Berger, “Low power false positive tolerant event detector for seismic sensors,” in 2013 IEEE SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Technology Unified Conference (S3S), Oct 2013, pp. 1–2.