Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32759
Numerical Simulation of Lightning Strike Direct Effects on Aircraft Skin Composite Laminate

Authors: Muhammad Khalil, Nader Abuelfoutouh, Gasser Abdelal, Adrian Murphy

Abstract:

Nowadays, the direct effects of lightning to aircrafts are of great importance because of the massive use of composite materials. In comparison with metallic materials, composites present several weaknesses for lightning strike direct effects. Especially, their low electrical and thermal conductivities lead to severe lightning strike damage. The lightning strike direct effects are burning, heating, magnetic force, sparking and arcing. As the problem is complex, we investigated it gradually. A magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model is developed to simulate the lightning strikes in order to estimate the damages on the composite materials. Then, a coupled thermal-electrical finite element analysis is used to study the interaction between the lightning arc and the composite laminate and to investigate the material degradation.

Keywords: Composite structures, lightning multiphysics, magnetohydrodynamics, coupled thermal-electrical analysis, thermal plasmas.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1315933

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2518

References:


[1] EUROCAE ED-84, 1997, Aircraft Lightning Environment and Related Test Waveform Standard.
[2] SAE Committee report: ARP-5412, July 1999, Aircraft Lightning Environment and Related Test Waveforms Standard.
[3] Hirano Y, Yoshimura A, Ogasawara T., 2010, Coupled thermal-electrical analysis for carbon/epoxy composites exposed to simulated lightning current, Composite Part A, 41, p.973-981.
[4] G. Abdelal and A. Murphy, 2014, Nonlinear numerical modelling of lightning strike effect on composite panels with temperature dependent material properties, Composite Structures, 109, 268-278.
[5] L. Chemartin, P. Lalande, B. Peyrou, A. Chazottes, P.Q. Elias, 2012, Direct Effects of Lightning on Aircraft Structure: Analysis of the Thermal, Electrical and Mechanical Constraints, Journal of Aerospace Lab, Issue 5.
[6] J.-P. Parmantier, 2012, Indirect Effects of Lightning on Aircraft and Rotorcraft, Journal Aerospace-Lab, Lightning Hazards to Aircraft and Launchers, Issue 5, pp.20–24.
[7] Jennings N. and Hardwick C. J., 1992, A computational approach to predicting the extent of arc root damage in CFC panels, 15th Int. Aerospace and Ground Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity (Atlantic City) pp 41.1–41.8.
[8] Y. Wang, O.I. Zhupanska, 2015, Lightning strike thermal damage model for glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites and its application to wind turbine blades, Composite Structures 132, 1182–1191.
[9] F. Tholin, L. Chemartin, P. Lalande, 2015, Numerical investigation of the interaction of a lightning and an aeronautic skin during the pulsed arc phase, International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity (ICOLSE), Toulouse.
[10] Boulos M I, Fauchais P and Pfender E 1994 Thermal plasma, Fundamentals and applications vol 1 (New York: Plenum) ISBN 0306446073.
[11] Naghizadeh-Kashani Y 1999 Calcul du transfert radiatif dans un plasma d’air Thesis 3488, Universit´e Paul Sabatier, Toulouse.
[12] M. Tanaka and JJ. Lowke. Predictions of weld pool profiles using plasma physics. Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 40:R1{R23, 2007.
[13] JJ. Lowke, R. Morrow, and J. Haidar. A simplified unified theory of arcs and their electrodes. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 30(14):2033, 1997.
[14] M. Tanaka, H. Terasaki, M. Ushio, and JJ. Lowke. A unified numerical modeling of stationary tungsten-inert-gas welding process. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 33:2043{2052, 2002.
[15] Larsson A, Lalande P, Bondiou-Clergerie A and Delannoy A2000 The lightning swept stroke along an aircraft in flight. Part I: thermodynamic and electric properties of lightning arc channels J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33 1866–75.
[16] Larsson A, Lalande P, Bondiou-Clergerie A and Delannoy A2000 The lightning swept stroke along an aircraft in flight. Part II: numerical simulations of the complete process J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33 1876–83
[17] Uhlig F 1998 Contribution `a l’´etude des effets directs du foudroiement sur les mat´eriaux structuraux constituant un a´eronef Thesis Universit´e de Paris.
[18] Hsu K C, Etemadi K and Pfender E 1983 Study of the free-burning high-intensity argon arc J. Appl. Phys. 54 1293–301.
[19] O.H. Nestor, "Heat intensity and current density distributions at the anode of high current, inert gas arcs", Appl. Phys. 33, 5 1638-1648, 1962.
[20] Fischer F A, Plumer J A and Perala R A 1977 Lightning protection of aircraft NASA Reference Publication 1008 (NASA Lewis Research Center.
[21] M. Gagné, D. Therriault, 2014, Lightning strike protection of composites, Progress in Aerospace Sciences 64, 1–16.