Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32759
Sustainable Development, China’s Emerging Role via One Belt, One Road

Authors: Saeid Rabiei Majd, Motahareh Alvandi, Mehrad Rabiei

Abstract:

The rapid economic and technological development of any country depends on access to cheap sources of energy. Competition for access to petroleum resources is always accompanied by numerous environmental risks. These factors have caused more attention to environmental issues and sustainable development in petroleum contracts and activities. Nowadays, a sign of developed countries is adhering to the principles and rules of international environmental law and sustainable development of commercial contracts. China has entered into play through the massive project plan, One Belt, One Road. China is becoming a new emerging power in the world. China's bilateral investment treaties have an impact on environmental rights and sustainable development through regional and international foreign direct investment. The aim of this research is to examine China's key position to promote and improve environmental principles and international law and sustainable development in the energy sector in the world through the initiative, One Belt, One Road. Based on this hypothesis, it seems that in the near future, China's investment bilateral investment treaties will become popular investment model used in global trade, especially in the field of energy and sustainable development. They will replace the European and American models. The research method is including literature review, analytical and descriptive methods.

Keywords: Principles of sustainable development, oil and gas law, Chinas BITs, one belt one road, environmental rights.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1315621

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1896

References:


[1] Rethinking Investments in Natural Resources: China’s Emerging Role in the Mekong Region p 53.
[2] Rabiei Majd, Saeid, and Amir Taheri Sarparvar. “An Overview on Commercial Relations between Iran and China in the era of Empires Sassanid, International Academic Journal of Humanities, Vol. 3, No. 11, 2016, pp. 36-40.
[3] Xi vows belt, road support, http://usa.chinadaily. com.cn/ EPAPER15/05 /2017 content_ 29350842. Htm.
[4] Chen, H. (2016). China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ initiative and its implications for Sino-African investment relations 1. Transnational Corporations Review, 8(3), 178-182.
[5] Xi Vows Belt, Road Support.
[6] Kennedy, S., & Parker, D. A. (2015). Building China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3-9.
[7] Wang, H. (2012). Globalizing China: the influence, strategies and successes of Chinese returnee entrepreneurs. Emerald Group Publishing, p177.
[8] Anderlini, J., & Hornby, L. (2014). China overtakes US as world’s largest goods trader. Financial Times, 10, 2014.
[9] Johnston, R. M., Hoanh, C., Lacombe, G., Noble, A., Smakhtin, V., Suhardiman, D., & Choo, P. (2010). Rethinking agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion: how to sustainably meet food needs, enhance ecosystem services and cope with climate change. IWMI, P1.
[10] Mark Halle and Long Guoqiang, Elements of a Sustainable Trade Strategy for China, 2010.
[11] Rutherford, J., Kelley, S., & Lazarus, K. (2009). Rethinking investments in natural resources: China's emerging role in the Mekong region. Heinrich Böll Stiftung Cambodia. pp 53-55.
[12] Elias Hazou, ‘China Oil in Talks to Buy Part of Aphrodite Field’, Cyprus Mail, 19 June 2014, http://cyprus-mail.com/2014/06/19/china-oil-in-talks-to-buy-part-of-aphrodite-field/ (accessed 26 October 2014).
[13] Shreya Upadhyay, ‘Will China “Rig” the Indian Ocean?’ IPCS, 20 May 2014, http://www.ipcs.org/article/china/will-china-rig-the-indian-ocean-4452.html (accessed 14 /02 2015).
[14] Hu Weijia, ‘New Fund Initiated for Silk Roads’, Global Times, 25 January 2015, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/903900.shtml (accessed 6 /02/ 2015).
[15] Don Rodney Ong Junio, ‘Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: An Idea Whose Time Has Come?’, The Diplomat, 4 December 2014, http://thediplomat.com/2014/12/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-an-idea-whose-time-has-come/ (accessed 14 January 2015).
[16] Shannon Tiezzi, ‘China Offers $20 Billion in Loans to ASEAN’, The Diplomat, 15 November 2014,http://thediplomat.com/2014/11/china-offers-20-billion-in-loans-to-asean/; Paul Carsten and Ben Blachard, ‘China to Establish $40 Billion Silk Road Infrastructure Fund’, Reuters, 8 November 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/08/us-china-diplomacy-idUSKBN0IS0BQ20141108; and Patrick Brown, ‘Orient Express, China’s Grand Plan for a New Silk Road’, CBC News, 19 January 2015, http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/orient-express-china-s-grand-plan-for-a-new-silk-road-1.2913097 (accessed 6 February 2015).
[17] Chinese Primed for Return to M&A Scene, Vol. 56, and NO. 9, pp2-3, http://www.energyintel.com/ (PIW March 6, 2017).
[18] RESOLUTION adopted by the General Assembly World Summit Outcome, Sixtieth SESSION -UN DOC A/60/L.1 (2005), (48), P12.
[19] United Nations Development Program, The World Energy Assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability (2000), 3.
[20] Hunter, T. (2010). Legal Regulatory Framework for the Sustainable Extraction of Australian Offshore Petroleum Resources. A Critical Functional Analysis. The University of Bergen.p50.
[21] Jacqueline Lang Weaver (2003), ‘Sustainable Development in the Petroleum Sector’ in Adrian Bradbrook and Richard L Ottinger (eds), Energy Law and Sustainable Development (2003) IUCN Environment Policy and Law Paper No. 47, 45.
[22] Bradbrook, A. J., & Ottinger, R. L. (2003). Energy law and sustainable development (No.47). IUCN. Pp1112.
[23] Cole, D. H. (1996). Accounting for Sustainable Development. Fordham Envtl. LJ, 8, 123.
[24] Jahn, F., Cook, M., & Graham, M. (2008). Hydrocarbon exploration and production (Vol. 55). Elsevier.
[25] Elements sustainable trade china sum. (2010). p5.
[26] The International Energy Agency (IEA), (2007).
[27] The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), (2004).
[28] Chinese Outward Direct Investment and Sustainable Impact: A review of the literature, 2016. IISD. p1.
[29] Halle, M., & Guoqiang, L. (2010), P11.
[30] CHEN Huiping (2013), SINO-African BITs Practice: A New Legal PARADIGM, Taipei Conference on International and Comparative Law.
[31] The Central People’s Government of People’s Republic of China, Big Economic and Social Development Achievements from the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the 18th Series Report (IV), August 21, 2012, available at http://www.gov.cn/gzdt /21/08 /2012 content_2207781.htm.
[32] MOFCOM, Report on Development of China’s Outward Investment and Economic Cooperation 2011-2012, available at http://wenku.baidu.com/view/c6d92ed0ad51f01dc281f1cc.html.
[33] UNCTAD, South-South Cooperation in International Investment Arrangements, UNCTAD Series on International Investment Policies for Development, 2005, p. 31, available at http://unctad.org/en/docs/iteiit20053_en.pdf.
[34] China-Nigeria BIT (1997), Art. 2.4; China-Gabon BIT, Art. 3.1.
[35] The US 1984 Model BIT Article VI.
[36] China-Ghana BIT, Art. 3.1.
[37] China-Mauritius BIT, Art. 11.1.
[38] China-Barbados BIT, Art. 9.2.
[39] Gallagher, N., & Shan, W. (2009). Chinese investment treaties: policies and practice (Vol. 99). Oxford: Oxford University PRESS, p.40.
[40] Chen, H. (2016). China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’initiative and its implications for Sino-African investment relations. Transnational Corporations Review, 8(3), p18.
[41] China-Canada BIT, Art 9,China-Japan-Korean Agreement, Art. 7.
[42] China-Canada BIT Art.18.3,China-Japan-Korea Agreement, Art. 23.
[43] Kulick, A. (2012). Global public interest in international investment law (Vol. 90). Cambridge University PRESS. 8, at 69.
[44] UNCTAD, Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development, available at http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ ipfsd (visited 30 /09/ 2014).
[45] OECD, Investment Treaty Law, Sustainable Development And Responsible Business Conduct: A Fact Finding Survey (‘Oecd Survey’)’, 26 June 2014, Available At http://www.oecd.org/investment/investment-policy/wp-2014_01.pdf (visited 30 /09/ 2014).
[46] Mann, H. (2013). Reconceptualizing International Investment Law: IT’S Role in Sustainable Development. Lewis & Clark L. Rev., 17, 521.
[47] Chi, M. (2015). The ‘Greenization’of Chinese Bits: An Empirical Study of the Environmental Provisions in Chinese Bits and Its Implications for China’s Future Bit-Making. Journal of International Economic Law, 18(3), P515.
[48] The China–Canada BIT, Annex B.10.
[49] The China–Uzbekistan BIT. Article 6.3.
[50] The China–COLOMBIA, 4.2.C.
[51] The China–Tanzania BIT, Article 6.3.
[52] The Protocol, the China–India BIT.
[53] The China–Japan–KOREA, the Protocol, Titarticle 2 (c).
[54] China–Madagascar BIT, Article 3(2).
[55] The China–Canada BIT, Article 33(b).