A Comparative Study on Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy Enabled Cluster Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Authors: Y. Harold Robinson, E. Golden Julie

Abstract:

Dynamic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has played a significant task in research for the recent years. Energy consumption and data delivery in time are the major parameters with the usage of sensor nodes that are significant criteria for these networks. The location of sensor nodes must not be prearranged. Clustering in WSN is a key methodology which is used to enlarge the life-time of a sensor network. It consists of numerous real-time applications. The features of WSNs are minimized the consumption of energy. Soft computing techniques can be included to accomplish improved performance. This paper surveys the modern trends in routing enclose fuzzy logic and Neuro-fuzzy logic based on the clustering techniques and implements a comparative study of the numerous related methodologies.

Keywords: Wireless sensor networks, clustering, fuzzy logic, neuro-fuzzy logic, energy efficiency.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1314777

References:

[1] A.M Nirmala, A.M., Subramaniam, P., Anusha Priya, A., Ravi, M.: Cluster Head Selection Protocol using Fuzzy Logic for Wireless Sensor Networks. IJASCSE. 2 (3), (2013)
[2] Chongdeuk Lee, Taegwon Jeong: FRCA: A Fuzzy Relevance-Based Cluster Head Selection Algorithm for Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks. Division of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, Korea.
[3] Harold Robinson, Y., &Rajaram, M. (2015). “Trustworthy link failure recovery algorithm for highly dynamic mobile adhoc networks”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering, vol.9, no.2, 233–236.
[4] Aslam, M., Rasheed, M.B., Shah, T., Rahim, A., Khan, Z.A., Qasim, U., Qasim, M.W., Hassan, A., Khan, A., Javaid, N.: Energy optimization and Performance Analysis of Cluster Based Routing Protocols Extended from LEACH for WSNs.
[5] Heinzelman, W., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H.: Energy-efficient routing protocols for wireless micro sensor networks. in Proc. 33rd Hawaii Int. Conf. System- Sciences(HICSS). Maui, HI, Jan. 2000.
[6] Harold Robinson, Y., &Rajaram, M. (2015), “Energy-aware multipath routing scheme based on particle swarm optimization in mobile ad hoc networks”, The Scientific World Journal, 1–9. doi:10.1155/2015/284276.
[7] Erfan. Arbab, Vahe. Aghazarian, Alireza. Hedayati, Nima. Ghazanfari Motlagh: A LEACH-Based Clustering Algorithm for Optimizing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks. 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT'2012) Singapore. April 28-29, (2012).
[8] Lindsey, S., Raghavendra, C.S.: PEGASIS: Power-efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems. Parallel and Distributed Systems, 9 (924). (2002).
[9] Robinson, Y. Harold, M. Rajaram, and Honey Raju. "Evolutionary Program Based Approach for Manipulator Grasping Color Objects." World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering 8.12 (2015): 2235-2240.
[10] Younis, O., Fahmy, S.: HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-efficient. Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks. Mobile Computer, 3 (366). (2004).
[11] Ye, M., Li, C., Chen, G., Wu, J.: EECS: An Energy Efficient Cluster Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Strategies for Energy Efficiency in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. Phoenix, Arizona, (2005) April 7–9.
[12] Princess, P. Joyce Beryl, and Y. Harold Robinson. "Discrete and Stationary Adaptive Sub-Band Threshold Method for Improving Image Resolution." World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering 9.4 (2015): 1003-1006.
[13] Haifeng Jiang, Yanjing Sun, Renke Sun, Hongli Xu Hindawi: Fuzzy-Logic-Based Energy Optimized Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. (2013).
[14] Shurman, M.M., Alomari, Z.A., Mhaidat, K.M.: An Efficient Billing Scheme for Trusted Nodes Using Fuzzy Logic in Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Engineering and Technology. 5, 62-73. 2014.
[15] Robinson, Y. H., Julie, E. G., & Princess, P. J. B. (2016). Manipulation of Image Segmentation Using Cleverness Artificial Bee Colony Approach. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, 10(3), 607-614.
[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_logic.
[17] Antonio M. Ortiz. Fernando Royo. Teresa Olivares, Jose C. Castillo, Luis Orozco Barbosa, Pedro J. Marron.: Fuzzy-logic based routing for dense wireless sensor networks.
[18] Robinson, Y. H., Julie, E. G., & Balaji, S. Bandwidth and Delay Aware Routing Protocol with Scheduling Algorithm for Multi Hop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, 10(8), 1512-1521.
[19] Su, W., Bougiouklis, T. C.: Data fusion algorithms in cluster-based wireless sensor networks using fuzzy logic theory.” In Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS international conference on communications.
[20] Tarique Haiderl, Mariam Yusuf.: A Fuzzy Approach to Energy Optimized Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks. The International Arab Journal of Information Technology. 6 (2), April 2009.
[21] Balaji, S., Julie, E. G., Rajaram, M., & Robinson, Y. H. Fuzzy Based Particle Swarm Optimization Routing Technique for Load Balancing in Wireless Sensor Networks, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering Vol:10, No:7, 2016, pp. 1384 – 1393.
[22] Wikipedia.: Routing basics”docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/routing_basics
[23] Naveen Sharma, Anand Nayyar: A Comprehensive Review of Cluster Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. 3 (1), January 2014.
[24] Geethalakshmi, M., and Y. Harold Robinson. "Fault tolerant routing and scheduling scheme for multi hop wireless networks." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 3, no. 3 (2013).
[25] Jamal N. Al-Karaki Ahmed E. Kamal.: Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey.
[26] S.K Singh, M.P Singh and D.K Singh, “A Survey of Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks,” In International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, vol.02, pp.570-580, 2010.
[27] Balaji, S., Rajaram, M., Robinson, Y. H., & Julie, E. G. (2016). A Hypercube Social Feature Extraction and Multipath Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, 10(6), 1220-1229.
[28] Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan: Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, HI, USA, pp. 10–19, 4–7 January 2000.
[29] Younis, S., Fahmy, O.: HEED: A hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad-hoc sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Mobile Computer, 366–379, 2004.
[30] Balaji, S., Harold Robinson, Y. and Rajaram, M. (2016) SCSBE: Secured Cluster and Sleep Based Energy-Efficient Sensory Data Collection with Mobile Sinks. Circuits and Systems, Vol.8, No. 7, pp. 1992-2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cs.2016.78173.
[31] Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, Hari Balakrishnan: Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. In the Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 4-7, 2000, Maui, Hawaii.
[32] Manjeshwar, D.P., Agrawal, E.: TEEN: A Routing Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS), San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 2009–2015, 23–27 April 2001.
[33] Robinson, Y.H., Balaji, S. and Rajaram, M. (2016) “ECBK: Enhanced Cluster Based Key Management Scheme for Achieving Quality of Service”, Circuits and Systems, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 2014-2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cs.2016.78175.
[34] YaXu, John Heidemann, Deborah Estrin: Geography informed Energy Conservation for Ad Hoc Routing. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM Mobicom), 2001.
[35] Heinzelman, W.R., Chankdrakasan A., Balakrishnan, H.: Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Network. Int. Conf. Sys. Scien. 8, 2000, pp. 3005–3014.
[36] Harold Robinson, Y., Rajaram, M., Golden Julie, E. and Balaji, S. (2016) Dominating Set Algorithm and Trust Evaluation Scheme for Secured Cluster Formation and Data Transferring. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 388-393.
[37] Zhao F., Guibas, L.: Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers –San Francisco 2004.
[38] Klir G.J., Yuan, B.: Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications. Prentice Hall –New Jersey 1995.
[39] Harold Robinson, Y., Rajaram, M., Golden Julie, E. and Balaji, S. (2016), “Tree Based Data Fusion Clustering Routing Algorithm for Illimitable Network Administration in Wireless Sensor Network”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering Vol:10, No:6, pp. 1123 – 1130.
[40] Weilian Su the Odoros C. Bougiousklis: Data Fusion Algorithms in Cluster-based Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic Theory. Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on communication, Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, July 26-28, 2007.
[41] Ehsan Amiri, Hassan Keshavarz, Mojtaba Alizadeh, Mazdak Zamani, Touraj Khodadadi: Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2014, 17.
[42] Harold Robinson, Y., Rajaram, M., Golden Julie, E. and Balaji, S. (2016), “TBOR: Tree Based Opportunistic Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering Vol:10, No:6, pp. 1115 – 1122
[43] Shio Kumar Singh, Singh, M.P., Singh, D.K.: Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey (IJCSES). 1 (2), November 2010.
[44] Intanagonwiwat, Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks. Proc. Sixth Ann. ACM/IEEE Int’l Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM), pp. 56-67, Aug. 2000.
[45] Ramalakshmi, S., & Robinson, Y. H. (2014). “ATMPH: Attaining optimal throughput capacity of MANET with power control in heterogeneous network”, Programmable Device Circuits and Systems, 6(4), 111–115.
[46] Haas, Z.J. Halpern, J.Y. Li, L.: Gossip-Based Ad Hoc Routing. In Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the IEEE Communications Society (INFOCOM), New York, NY, USA, June 2002; 23–27, pp. 1707–1716.
[47] Younis, O., Fahmy, S.: HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2004, 3(4), 660–669.
[48] Harold Robinson, Y., & Rajaram, M. (2014). “A novel approach to allocate channels dynamically in wireless mesh networks”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, vol. 8, no.10, pp. 1865–1868.
[49] Laiali Almazaydeh, Eman Abdelfattah, Manal Al-Bzoor, Amer Al- Rahayfeh: Performance evaluation of routing in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2 (2), April 2010.
[50] Kim, J.M., Park, S., Han, Y., Chung, T.: CHEF: Cluster Head Election mechanism using Fuzzy logic in Wireless Sensor Networks. in Proceeding of the 10th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), pp. 654–659. 2008.
[51] Robinson, Y. H., & Rajeswari, S. R. (2011). “Energy-based dynamic encryption for wireless sensor networks. Wireless Communication”, vol.3, no.9, pp. 661–663.
[52] Hakan Bagci, Adnan Yazici: An energy aware fuzzy approach to unequal clustering in wireless sensor networks. Applied Soft Computing. 13, pp. 1741–1749, 2013.
[53] Hoang, D.C., Kumar, R., Panda, S.K.: Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks’, in Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), pp. 3477–3482. 2010.
[54] Golden Julie, E., Tamil Selvi, S., & Harold Robinson, Y. (2016). “Performance Analysis of Energy Efficient Virtual Back Bone Path Based Cluster Routing Protocol for WSN”, Wireless Personal Communications, Springer, 1–19, DOI 10.1007/s11277-016-3520-5.
[55] Tashtoush, Y.M., Okour, M.A.: Fuzzy Self-Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks. In proceeding of the IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 223–229. 2008.
[56] Kim, B.H., Moon, S.Y., Lee, H.Y., Sun, C.I., and Cho, T.H.: Cluster Adaptation Method to Enhance Performance of Filtering scheme in Sensor Network. in Proceeding of the 11th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, pp. 411–416. 2009.
[57] Harold Robinson, Y., Rajaram, M., Golden Julie, E. and Balaji, S. (2016), “Detection of Black Holes in MANET Using Collaborative Watchdog with Fuzzy Logic”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering Vol:10, No:3, pp. 575 – 581.
[58] Veena, K.N., Vijaya Kumar, B.P.: Dynamic Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Neuro-Fuzzy Technique Approach’ in Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), pp. 1–6. 2010.
[59] Hu, Y., Shen, X., Kang, Z.: Energy-efficient Cluster Head Selection in Clustering Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCom’09, pp. 1–4. 2009.
[60] G. Arun Sam Paul Thomas, R. Karthik Ganesh, A. Kandasamy, S. Balaji, Y. Harold Robinson, (2011) “An Advanced Controlled-Flooding Routing with Group Organization for Delay Tolerant Networks using A-SMART”, Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology (ICETECT), 978-1-4244-7926-9/11, IEEE.
[61] Songmao, Chenglinzhao, Zhengzhou, yabin.: An improved fuzzy unequal clustering algorithm for wireless sensor network. 6th international ICST conformance on communication and networking in china (CHINACOM), 2011.
[62] Mala Chelliah, Siddhartha Sankaran, Shishir Prasad, Nagamaputurgopalan, Balasubramaniansivaselvan: Routing for wireless mesh networks with multiple constraints using fuzzy logic. International Arab Journal of Information Technology. 9 (1), jan. 2012.
[63] Harold Robinson, Y, Golden Julie E, Balaji S, Ayyasamy A, (2016), Energy Aware Clustering Scheme in Wireless Sensor Network Using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach , Wireless Personal Communications, Springer, 1-19, Doi: 10.1007/s11277-016-3793-8
[64] Chongdeuk lee, Taegwonjeong.: FRCA: A fuzzy relevance –based cluster head selection algorithm for wireless mobile ad-hoc sensor networks. Sensors. 11, 5383-5401, 2011.
[65] Anitha Shanmugam, Dr. Abirami Thiayagarajan, "Mining of Behavioral Patterns Using Prefix Sharing ASP-Tree in Wireless Sensor Networks", International Journal of Advances in Computer and Electronics Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2017, pp. 28 – 32.
[66] Balaji, S., E. Golden Julie, and Y. Harold Robinson. "Evaluation of Context Information for Intermittent Networks." World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering 10.9 (2017): 1693-1704.
[67] Rakhi Sharma, Dr. D. V. Gupta, "Effects of Selfish node on Routing Protocols in Delay Tolerant Network", International Journal of Advances in Computer and Electronics Engineer-ing, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2017, pp. 08 - 10.
[68] Xing, G., Jia, W. and Li, M., Rendezvous Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks with a Mobile Base Station. IEEE Transaction on Mobile Compution, 11(1), pp.47-60, 2012.
[69] Robinson, Y. Harold, and M. Rajaram. "Establishing pairwise keys using key Predistribution schemes for sensor networks." World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering 9.2 (2015): 608-612.
[70] Kim, D.S. and Chung, Y.J., June. Self-organization routing protocol supporting mobile nodes for wireless sensor network. In Computer and Computational Sciences, 2006. IMSCCS'06. First International Multi-Symposiums on (Vol. 2, pp. 622-626). IEEE, 2006.
[71] Vincze, Z., Vass, D., Vida, R., Vidács, A. and Telcs, A., Adaptive sink mobility in event-driven multi-hop wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the first international conference on Integrated internet ad hoc and sensor networks (p. 13). ACM, May 2006.
[72] Golden Julie, E., Tamil Selvi, S., & Harold Robinson, Y. “Opportunistic routing with secure coded wireless multicast using MAS approach”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, vol. 8, no.7, pp. 1247–1250, 2014.
[73] Jain, S., Shah, R.C., Brunette, W., Borriello, G. and Roy, S., Exploiting mobility for energy efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 11(3), pp.327-339, 2006.
[74] Deng, S., Li, J. and Shen, L., Mobility-based clustering proto-col for wireless sensor networks with mobile nodes. IET wireless sensor systems, 1(1), pp.39-47, 2011.
[75] Balaji, S., Golden Julie, E. & Harold Robinson, Y. “Development of Fuzzy based Energy Efficient Cluster Routing Protocol to Increase the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks“, Mobile Netw Appl (2017), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0913-y
[76] Erman, A.T., van Hoesel, L., Havinga, P. and Wu, J., 2008. Enabling mobility in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks cooperating with UAVs for mission-critical management. IEEE Wireless Communications, 15(6), pp.38-46.
[77] Chatzigiannakis, I., Kinalis, A. and Nikoletseas, S., Sink mobility protocols for data collection in wireless sensor net-works. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Mobility management and wireless access (pp. 52-59). ACM, 2006.
[78] Robinson, Y. Harold, and M. Rajaram. "A memory aided broadcast mechanism with fuzzy classification on a device-to-device mobile Ad Hoc network." Wireless Personal Communications 90.2 (2016): 769-791.
[79] Chandran, S.R., Manju, V.S., Alex, A.P., A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach to Route Choice Modelling. International Journal of Science and Applied Information Technology Vol.2 , No.2, Pages : 09-11, 2013.
[80] Sasikala K., Rajamani V., A Neuro Fuzzy based conditional shortest path routing protocol for wireless mesh network, In-ternational Journal of Enhanced Research in Management and Computer Applications, vol. 2 issue 5, 2013.
[81] Robinson Y,Harold, Julie E,Golden, Ayyasamy A, Archana M, “Cluster based Routing in Sensor Network using Soft Computing Techniquies: A Survey“,Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 341-360.
[82] Pon Rohini R, Shirly S, Joy Winnie Wise D.C., Multipath Routing Using Neuro Fuzzy in Wireless Sensor Network, In-ternational Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engi-neering Technology, vol 3 issue IV, 2015.
[83] Fard, M.V., Mazinani, S.M. and Hoseini, S.A., Introducing a novel fault tolerant routing protocol in wireless sensor net-works using fuzzy logic. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology, 5(5), p.171, 2013.
[84] Robinson, Y. Harold, E. Golden Julie, A. Ayyasamy, and M. Archana. "Cluster based Routing in Sensor Network using Soft Computing Techniquies: A Survey." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 7, no. 3 (2017): 341-360.
[85] Y. Xu, A. Saifullah, Y. Chen, C. Lu, S. Bhattacharya, Near optimal multi application allocation in shared sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, MobiHoc ’10, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2010, pp. 181–190. doi:10.1145/1860093.1860118. URL http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/ 1860093. 1860118.
[86] R. Huang, X. Chu, J. Zhang, Y. H. Hu, Energy-efficient monitoring in software defined wireless sensor networks using reinforcement learning: A prototype, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/360428.
[87] Abouelfadl, A. A., El-Bendary, M. A. M., & Shawki, F. (2014). Enhancing transmission over wireless image sensor networks based on ZigBee network. Life Science Journal, 11(8), 342–354.
[88] El-Bendary M. A. M.,, Kasban, H., & El-Tokhy, M. A. R. (2014). Interleaved reed-solomon codes with code rate switching over wireless communications channels. In: International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science (IJITCS) (http://www.ijitcs.com) on, 16(1).
[89] Stankovic, J. A., Wood, A. D., & He, T. (2011). Realistic applications for wireless sensor networks. In S. Nikoletseas & J. D. P. Rolim (Eds.), Theoretical aspects of distributed computing in sensor networks (pp. 835–863). Berlin: Springer.
[90] Momani, M., & Challa, S. (2010). Survey of trust models in different network domains. arXiv preprint arXiv:1010.0168.