Modulation of Lipopolysaccharide Induced Interleukin-17F and Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression by Echinacea purpurea in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Ali Asghar Saki, Sayed Ali Hosseini Siyar, Abbass Ashoori
Abstract:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Echinacea purpurea on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-17F (IL-17F) in seven-day-old broiler chickens. Four groups were fed with concentration of 0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg from the root of E. purpurea in the basal diet and two other groups were only fed with the basal diet for 21 days. At the 28th day, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 mg/kg diet) was injected in four groups and the basal diet group was injected by saline as control. The chickens’ spleen RNA expression was measured for the COX-2 and IL-17F genes by Real-Time PCR. The results have shown that chickens which were fed E. purpurea had a lower COX-2 and IL-17F mRNA expression. The chickens who have received LPS only, lymphocyte was lower than other treatments. Vital organ weights were not significantly different, but body weight loss was recovered by dietary herbs inclusion. The results of this study have shown the positive effect of an anti-inflammatory herb to prevent the undesirable effect of inflammation.
Keywords: Echinacea purpurea, broiler chickens, gene expression, lipopolysaccharide.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1314516
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 991References:
[1] Lai, Huong TL, et al. "Effects of repeated intratracheally administered lipopolysaccharide on primary and secondary specific antibody responses and on body weight gain of broilers." Poultry science 90.2 (2011): 337-351.
[2] Wisse, Brent E., et al. "Evidence that lipopolysaccharide-induced anorexia depends upon central, rather than peripheral, inflammatory signals." Endocrinology 148.11 (2007): 5230-5237.
[3] Ngkelo, Anta, et al. "LPS induced inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated through NOX4 and G i α dependent PI-3kinase signalling." Journal of inflammation 9.1 (2012): 1.
[4] Chiang, Yi‐Ming, et al. "Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF‐κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX‐2, and PGE2in vitro or in mouse skin." British journal of pharmacology 146.3 (2005): 352-363.
[5] Wynn, T. A. Type 2 cytokines: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Nature Reviews Immunology 15. 2 (2015): 271-282.
[6] Iwakura, Yoichiro, and Harumichi Ishigame. "The IL-23/IL-17 axis in inflammation." The Journal of clinical investigation 116.5 (2006): 1218-1222.
[7] Robichaud, Philippe Pierre, and Marc E. Surette. "Polyunsaturated fatty acid–phospholipid remodeling and inflammation." Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity 22.2 (2015): 112-118.
[8] Jung, Yun-Jin, et al. "IL-1β-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1α via an NFκB/COX-2 pathway identifies HIF-1 as a critical link between inflammation and oncogenesis." The FASEB Journal 17.14 (2003): 2115-2117.
[9] Saper, Clifford B., Andrej A. Romanovsky, and Thomas E. Scammell. "Neural circuitry engaged by prostaglandins during the sickness syndrome." Nature neuroscience 15.8 (2012): 1088-1095.
[10] Date Y, Toshinai K, Koda S, Miyazato M, Shimbara T, Tsuruta T, et al. Peripheral Interaction of Ghrelin with Cholecystokinin on Feeding Regulation. Endocrinology 146.8 (2005): 3518-3525.
[11] Kumar, S., et al. "Immune response gene expression in spleens of diverse chicken lines fed dietary immunomodulators." Poultry science 90.5 (2011): 1009-1013.
[12] Amin, Tawheed, et al. "Application of nutrigenomics in food industry: A review." Indian Horticulture Journal 2.3and4 (2012): 54-59.
[13] Zhang, Hua, and Rong Tsao. "Dietary polyphenols, oxidative stress and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects." Current Opinion in Food Science 8 (2016): 33-42.
[14] Hinz, Burkhard, Karin Woelkart, and Rudolf Bauer. "Alkamides from Echinacea inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human neuroglioma cells." Biochemical and biophysical research communications 360.2 (2007): 441-446.
[15] Takahashi, T., Aoki, Y., Okubo, K., Maeda, Y., Sekiguchi, F., Mitani, K., ... & Kawabata, A. Upregulation of Ca v 3.2 T-type calcium channels targeted by endogenous hydrogen sulfide contributes to maintenance of neuropathic pain. Pain 150. 1 (2010): 183-191.
[16] Zamani A, Vahidinia A, Ghannad MS. The effect of garlic consumption on Th1/Th2 cytokines in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated rat spleen lymphocytes. Phytotherapy Research 23.4 (2009)): 579-581.
[17] Schmittgen, Thomas D., and Kenneth J. Livak. "Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method." Nature protocols 3.6 (2008): 1101-1108.
[18] Crhanova, Magdalena, et al. "Immune response of chicken gut to natural colonization by gut microflora and to Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection." Infection and immunity 79.7 (2011): 2755-2763.
[19] Tan, Jianzhuang, et al. "Dietary L-arginine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in broiler chickens." British Journal of Nutrition 111.08 (2014): 1394-1404.
[20] Humphrey, B. D., and K. C. Klasing. "Modulation of nutrient metabolism and homeostasis by the immune system." World's Poultry Science Journal 60.01 (2004): 90-100.
[21] Ferretti, Stephane, et al. "IL-17, produced by lymphocytes and neutrophils, is necessary for lipopolysaccharide-induced airway neutrophilia: IL-15 as a possible trigger." The Journal of Immunology 170.4 (2003): 2106-2112.
[22] Font-Nieves, Miriam, et al. "Induction of COX-2 enzyme and down-regulation of COX-1 expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) control prostaglandin E2 production in astrocytes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 287.9 (2012): 6454-6468.
[23] Crhanova, M., Hradecka, H., Faldynova, M., Matulova, M., Havlickova, H., Sisak, F., & Rychlik, I. Immune response of chicken gut to natural colonization by gut microflora and to Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection. Infection and immunity 79. 7 (2011): 2755-2763.
[24] Klasing, K. C. "Nutrition and the immune system." British poultry science 48.5 (2007): 525-537.
[25] Sharma, Manju, et al. "Induction of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines by respiratory viruses and reversal by standardized Echinacea, a potent antiviral herbal extract." Antiviral Research 83.2 (2009): 165-170.
[26] Hou, Chia-Chung, Chi-Chang Huang, and Lie-Fen Shyur. "Echinacea alkamides prevent lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic injury through JNK pathway-mediated HO-1 expression." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 59.22 (2011): 11966-11974.
[27] Zhai, Zili, et al. "Alcohol extract of Echinacea pallida reverses stress-delayed wound healing in mice." Phytomedicine 16.6 (2009): 669-678.
[28] Dhabhar, Firdaus S. "Stress-induced augmentation of immune function—the role of stress hormones, leukocyte trafficking, and cytokines." Brain, behavior, and immunity 16.6 (2002): 785-798.
[29] Shini, Shaniko, et al. "Biological response of chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) induced by corticosterone and a bacterial endotoxin." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 149.2 (2008): 324-333.
[30] Xie, Hang, et al. "Effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide on broiler chickens." Poultry Science 79.1 (2000):33-40.
[31] Rauber, R. H., Perlin, V. J., Fin, C. D., Mallmann, A. L., Miranda, D. P., Giacomini, L. Z., & do Nascimento, V. P. Interference of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide on performance and biological parameters of broiler chickens. Rev Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 16.1 (2014): 77-81.
[32] Masaki, T., Chiba, S., Tatsukawa, H., Yasuda, T., Noguchi, H., Seike, M., & Yoshimatsu, H. Adiponectin protects LPS‐induced liver injury through modulation of TNF‐α in KK‐Ay obese mice. Hepatology 40.1 (2004): 177-184.
[33] Kuttappan, V. A., Berghman, L. R., Vicuña, E. A., Latorre, J. D., Menconi, A., Wolchok, J. D., ... & Bielke, L. R. Poultry enteric inflammation model with dextran sodium sulfate mediated chemical induction and feed restriction in broilers. Poultry Science, 94.6 (2015): 1220-1226.
[34] Tan, J., Liu, S., Guo, Y., Applegate, T. J., & Eicher, S. D. Dietary L-arginine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition 111.8 (2014): 1394-1404.
[35] Jiang, J., Wu, C., Gao, H., Song, J., & Li, H. Effects of astragalus polysaccharides on immunologic function of erythrocyte in chickens infected with infectious bursa disease virus. Vaccine 28.34 (2010): 5614-5616.