Effectiveness of the Flavonoids Isolated from Thymus inodorus by Different Solvents against Some Pathogenis Microorganisms

Authors: N. Behidj, K. Benyounes, T. Dahmane, A. Allem

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of flavonoids isolated from the aerial part of a medicinal plant which is Thymus inodorusby the middle agar diffusion method on following microorganisms. We have Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, AspergillusNiger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. During this study, flavonoids extracted by stripping with steam are performed. The yields of flavonoids is 7.242% for the aqueous extract and 28.86% for butanol extract, 29.875% for the extract of ethyl acetate and 22.9% for the extract of di - ethyl. The evaluation of the antibacterial effect shows that the diameter of the zone of inhibition varies from one microorganism to another. The operation values obtained show that the bacterial strain P fluoresces, and 3 yeasts and molds; A. Niger, A. fumigatus and C. albicansare the most resistant. But it is noted that, S. aureus is shown more sensitive to crude extracts, the stock solution and the various dilutions. Finally for the minimum inhibitory concentration is estimated only with the crude extract of Thymus inodorus flavonoid.Indeed, these extracts inhibit the growth of Gram + bacteria at a concentration varying between 0.5% and 1%. While for bacteria to Gram -, it is limited to a concentration of 0.5%.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, flavonoids, strains, Thymus inodorus.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1314488

References:

[1] P.Iserin,. Larousse des plantes médicinales, identification, préparation, soins, 3ed., Larousse. 2001, pp. 15-16.
[2] J .Bérubé-Gagnon, Isolation et identification de composés antibiotiques desécorces dePiceamariana, Mémoire de l’université de Québec, 2006, p. 205.
[3] F.Naghibi, M. Mosaddegh, M. Mohammad Mohammadi, and A. Ghorbani,. Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran: from ethnobotany to pharmacology, Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2010, pp. 63-79.
[4] M. C. T. Duarte, Atividadeantimicrobiana de plantas medicinais e aromáticasutilizadas no Brasil, Revista MultiCiência, 2006, 7(1), pp.1-16.
[5] KR. Markham, Techniques of flavonoid identification, Biological Techniques Series. editors: JE Treheme, PH Rubery, Academic Press, London-New York, 1982, pp. 22-23.
[6] J.Bruneton, Pharmacognosie, phytochimie, plantes médicinales, 3ed., Tec et Doc Lavoisier, 1999, p.315.
[7] G.Sacchetti, S.Maietti, M.Muzzoli, M.Scaglianti, S.Manfredini, M.Radice, and R.Bruni, Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods, Food chemistry, 2005.91(4),pp. 621-632.
[8] O. Y.Celiktas, E. H.Kocabas, E.Bedir, F. V. Sukan, T.Ozek, and K. H. C. Baser, Antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts and essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, depending on location and seasonal variations, Food Chemistry, 2007,100(2), pp.553-559.
[9] J.L.Faucher, and J.L. Avril, Bactériologie générale et médicale, vol.1, Ellipses (Ed.), Paris, 2002, p.214.
[10] A.Hulin, A. M.Deguillaume, S.Bretagne, and Y.Bézie, Bon usage des antifongiques dans le traitement des candidoses et aspergilloses invasives, Journal de Pharmacie Clinique, 2005,24(3), pp.125-138.
[11] M.Marino, C.Bersani, and G.Comi, Impedance measurements to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lamiaceae and Compositae, International journal of food microbiology, 2001,67(3), pp.187-195.
[12] P.Pollien, A.Ott, L. B.Fay, L.Maignial, and A.Chaintreau, Simultaneous distillation–extraction: preparative recovery of volatiles under mild conditions in batch or continuous operations, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1998,13(6), pp. 413-423.
[13] C. M.Mann, S. D.Cox, and J. L. Markham, The outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6749 contributes to its tolerance to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2000,30(4), pp. 294-297.
[14] F. Senatore, F .Napolitano,and M. Ozcan, Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Crithmummaritimum L.(Apiaceae) growing wild in Turkey, Flavour and Frangrance Journal, 2000, 15(3), pp.186 - 189.
[15] A. Pingot, - Les huiles essentielles. Paris : Ed. Tec. et Doc, 1998, pp. 230-236.
[16] ] J.D. Brooks, H. Corke, The in vitro antibacterial activity of dietary spice and medicinal herb extracts, International J Food Microbiology, 2007 ,117, pp. 112- 119.
[17] T. Nakatsu, A. T. Lupo, J.W. Chinn, R.K.L. Kang, Biological activity of essential oils and their constituents, Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 2000,21, pp.571–631.
[18] N. Mebareki, Extraction de l’huile essentielle de Thymus fontanesii application à la formulation d’une forme médicamenteuse-antimicrobienne. Thèse de magister de l’université de Boumerdès, faculté des hydrocarbures et de la chimie, 2010, p.185.
[19] C. Chatenet, Les phytoestrogènes, Actualités pharmaceutiques 2008, 47(473), pp. 10-23.