Response of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes to Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages

Authors: Ali. Marjani, M. Farsi, M. Rahimizadeh

Abstract:

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important grain legume crops in the world. However, drought stress is a serious threat to chickpea production, and development of drought-resistant varieties is a necessity. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of 8 chickpea genotypes (MCC* 696, 537, 80, 283, 392, 361, 252, 397) and drought stress (S1: non-stress, S2: stress at vegetative growth stage, S3: stress at early bloom, S4: stress at early pod visible) at different growth stages. Experiment was arranged in split plot design with four replications. Difference among the drought stress time was found to be significant for investigated traits except biological yield. Differences were observed for genotypes in flowering time, pod information time, physiological maturation time and yield. Plant height reduced due to drought stress in vegetative growth stage. Stem dry weight reduced due to drought stress in pod visibly. Flowering time, maturation time, pod number, number of seed per plant and yield cause of drought stress in flowering was also reduced. The correlation between yield and number of seed per plant and biological yield was positive. The MCC283 and MCC696 were the high-tolerance genotypes. These results demonstrated that drought stress delayed phonological growth in chickpea and that flowering stage is sensitive.

Keywords: Chickpea, drought stress, growth stage, tolerance.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1130401

References:

[1] Ladizinsky,G. and Adler,A.1976. The origin of chickpea. Ciecer arietinum L. Euphytica 25:211-217.
[2] Anbessa, Y., and Bejiga, G. 2002. Evaluation of Ethiopian chickpea landraces for tolerance to drought. Genetic Res. and Crop Evol. 49: 557-564.
[3] Knights, E.J., Acikgoz, N., Warkentin, T., Bejiga, G., Yadav, S.S. and Sandhu, J.S. 2007. Area, production and distribution. In: Chickpea Breeding and Management, pp. 167–178, (Yadav, S.S., Redden, R., Chen, W., and Sharma, B., eds). CAB, Wallingford, UK.
[4] Gaur, P.M., Kumar, J., Gowda,C.L.L., ande,S.,Siddique,K.H.M.,Khan, .N.,Warkentin,T.D.,Chaturvedi, S. K.,Than,A.M.,andKetema,D. 2008. “Breeding chickpea for early phonology: perspectives, progress and prospects, "in Food Legumes for Nutritional Security and Sustainable Agriculture: ProceedingsoftheFourth InternationalFoodLegumesResearch Conference, ed.M.C.Kharkwal, Vol.
[5] Bejiga, G. and Y. Anbessa. 1994. Breeding chickpea for resistance to drought. International Symposium on Pulse Research. 2-6 April. New Delhi, India, pp. 145-146.
[6] Toker, C., Lluch, C., Tejera, N.A., Serraj, R. and Siddique, K.H.M. 2007. Abiotic stresses. In: Chickpea Breeding and Management, pp. 474–496, (Yadav, S.S., Redden, R., Chen, W. and Sharma, B., eds). CAB, Wallingford, UK.
[7] Subbarao, G.V., Johansen, C., Slinkard, A.E., Rao, R.C.N., Saxena, N.P. and Chauhan, Y.S. 1995. Strategies for improving drought resistance in grain legumes. Crit.Rev. Plant Sci. 14: 469–523.
[8] FAO, 2014.http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E, Retrieved on Aug 12, 2016
[9] Saxena, N.P., 2003. Management of drought in chickpea–A holistic approach. In: N.P. Saxena (Ed.), Management of Agricultural Drought–Agronomic and Genetic Options, pp. 103–122. Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
[10] Blum, A. 1988. Plant Breeding for Stress Environment. CRC press. Roca Raton, FL. pp. 38-78.
[11] Ganjeali, A., Bagheri, A., and Porsa, H. 2009. Evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm for drought resistance. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 6: 295-203.
[12] Amadi, A. & D. A. Baker. 2001. The effect of water stress on grain filling processes in wheat. Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 136:257-269.
[13] Eser D. A. Ukur & M. S. Adak. 1991. Effect of seed size on yield and yield components in chickpea. International chickpea Newsletter. 18: 943-949.
[14] Siddique, K.H.M., sedegly, R.H., and Marshal, C.2000.Effects of plant density on growth and harvest index of branches in chickpea (cicer arietinum L.). Field Crop Research. 31: 193-203.
[15] Leport, L., Turner, N.C., French, R.J., Barr, M.D., Duda, R., Davies, S.L., Tennant, D. and Siddique, K.H.M.1999. Physiological responses of chickpea genotypes to terminal drought in a Mediterranean-type environment. European J. Agron. 11: 279–291.
[16] Pundir, R.P.S., and Reddy, G.V. 1998. Two new traits-open flower and small leaf in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Euphytica 102: 357-361. {a} Genetic Resources Div., ICRISAT Asia Center, Patanacheru 502 324, A.P, India.
[17] Kumar, J., and Abbo, S. 2001. Genetics of flowering time in chickpea and its bearing on productivity in semi-arid environments. Advances in Agronomy 72: 107-138.
[18] Anbessa, Y., Warkentin, T., Vandenberg, A., and Ball, R. 2006. Inheritance of time to flowering in chickpea in a short-season temperate environment. J. Hered. 97: 55-61.
[19] Kimber. D. S. & D. L. Mc Gregor. 1995. Brassica oil seeds. Production and utilization CAB international.
[20] Johansen. C. N. P. Saxena & Y. S. Chauham. 1989. Drought resistance characteristics for crops. In: Proc. Of international workshop on varietal improvement of chickpea, pigeopea, and other upland crop.19-23 march 1989, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[21] Farah S. M., A.Arar and D. E. Miller 1988. Water and the irrigation management of pea, Lentil, faba bean and chickpea crops. In: R. J. Summerfield. (Ed.), World Crops: Cool Season Food Legumes.Kluwer, the Netherlands.