Valorization of Beer Brewing Wastes by Composting

Authors: M. E. Silva, I. Brás

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to study the viability of recycling the residual yeast and diatomaceous earth (RYDE) slurry generated by the beer brewing industry by composting with animal manures, as well as to evaluate the quality of the composts obtained. Two pilot composting trials were carried out with different mixes: cow manure/RYDE slurry (Pile CM) and sheep manure/RYDE slurry (Pile SM). For all piles, wood chips were applied as bulking agent. The process was monitored by evaluating standard physical and chemical parameters. The compost quality was assessed by the heavy metals content and phytotoxicity. Both piles reached a thermophilic phase in the first day, however having different trends. The pH showed a slight alkaline character. The C/N reached values lower than 19 at the end of composting process. Generally, all the piles exhibited absence of heavy metals. However, the pile SM exhibited phytotoxicity. This study showed that RYDE slurry can be valorized by composting with cow manure.

Keywords: Beer brewing wastes, compost; quality, valorization.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1129199

References:

[1] T.R.S. Mathias, P.P.M. Mello, E.F.C. Sérvulo, “Solid wastes in brewing process: A review”, Journal of Brewing and Distilling 5(1), 1-9, 2014.
[2] EN 13040, Soil Improvers and Growing Media – Sample preparation for chemical and physical tests, determination of dry matter content, moisture content and laboratory compacted bulk density. European Committee for Standardization, Technical Committee CEN/TC 223, 1999.
[3] EN 13039, Soil Improvers and Growing Media – Determination of organic matter content and ash. European Committee for Standardization. Technical Committee CEN/TC 223, 1999.
[4] Zucconi, F. and De Bertoldi, M., “Compost specifications for the production and characterization of compost from municipal solid waste”, In M. De Bertoldi, M. P. Ferranti, P. L’Hermite, F. Zucconi (Eds.), Compost: production, quality and use, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd, Essex, 1987, pp. 30-50
[5] EN 13654-1, Soil Improvers and Growing Media – Determination of Nitrogen – Part 1: Modified Kjeldahl Method. European Committee for Standardization, Technical Committee CEN/TC 223, 2001.
[6] A. Makan, “Windrow co-composting of natural casings waste with sheep manure and dead leaves”, Waste Management 42, 17–22, 2015.
[7] F. Nicholson, B. Chambers, B. Allowayd, A. Hird, S. Smith, C. Carlton-Smith, “An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales,” in: Proceedings of the 16th World Congress of Soil Science, 1998, Montpellier, France.
[8] L. Yan-xia, X. Xion, L. Chun-yea, Z. Feng-song, L. Wei, H. Wei, “Cadmium in animal production and its potential hazard on Beijing and Fuxin farmlands”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 177, 475–480, 2010.
[9] S. M. Tiquia, J. H. C. Wan, N. F.Y. Tam, “Extracellular enzyme profiles during co-composting of poultry manure and yard trimmings,” Process Biochemistry 36, 813-820, 2001.
[10] S. M. Tiquia and N. Tam, “Fafe of nitrogen during composting of chicken litter”, Environ. Pollut. 110, 535–541, 2000.
[11] M. Gao, B. Li, A. Yu, F. Liang, L. Yang, Y. Sun, “The effect of aeration rate on forced-aeration composting of chicken manure and sawdust”, Bioresource Technology 101, 1899–1903, 2010.
[12] T. Nolan, S. M. Troy, M. G. Healy, W. Kwapinski, J. J. Leahy, P. G. Lawlor, “Characterization of compost produced from separated pig manure and a variety of bulking agents at low initial C/N ratios”, Bioresource Technology 102, 7131–7138, 2011.
[13] K. Lasaridi, I. Protopapa, M. Kotsou, G. Pilidis, T. Manios, A. Kyriacou, “Quality assessment of composts in the Greek market: The need for standards and quality assurance”, J. of Environ. Manage. 80, 58-65, 2006.