Experimental Study on Using the Aluminum Sacrificial Anode as a Cathodic Protection for Marine Structures

Authors: A. Radwan, A. Elbatran, A. Mehanna, M. Shehadeh

Abstract:

The corrosion is natural chemical phenomenon that is applied in many engineering structures. Hence, it is one of the important topics to study in the engineering research. Ship and offshore structures are most exposed to corrosion due to the presence of corrosive medium of air and the seawater. Consequently, investigation of the corrosion behavior and properties over ship and offshore hulls is one of the important topics to study in the marine engineering research. Using sacrificial anode is the most popular solution for protecting marine structures from corrosion. Hence, this research investigates the extent of corrosion between the composite ship model and relative velocity of water, along with the sacrificial aluminum anode consumption and its degree of protection in seawater. In this study, the consumption rate of sacrificial aluminum anode with respect to relative velocity at different Reynold’s numbers was studied experimentally, and it was found that, the degree of cathodic protection represented by the cathode potential at a given distance from the aluminum anode was decreased slightly with increment of the relative velocity.

Keywords: Corrosion, Reynold’s numbers, sacrificial anode, velocity.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1340022

References:

[1] D.A. ShiXer, Understanding material interactions in marine environments to promote extended structural life, Corrosion Science, Vol. 47, pp. 2335–2352, 2005.
[2] T.H. Rogers, Marine Corrosion, Science and technology, George Newnes Ltd, London, UK, 1974.
[3] F.L. Laque, Marine Corrosion, Causes and prevention, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y, 1975.
[4] S.W. Boronstein. “Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Handbook”, Industrial Press, N.Y, USA, 1994.
[5] De Baere, Kris, Helen Verstraelen, Philippe Rigo, Steven Van Passel, Silvia Lenaerts, and Geert Potters. "Reducing the cost of ballast tank corrosion: an economic modeling approach", Marine Structures, Vol. 32, pp. 136-152, 2013.
[6] C.G. Soares, Y. Garbatov, A. Zayed and G. Wang. “Influence of environmental factors on corrosion of ship structures in marine Atmosphere”. Corrosion Science, Vol. 51, pp. 2014–2026, 2009.
[7] V. Ashworth and C.J. “Booker (eds), Cathodic Protection Theory and Practice”, Eills Herwood Ltd, Chichester, U.K, 1986.
[8] M.T. Gudze and R.E. Melchers. “Operational based corrosion analysis in naval ships”, Corrosion Science, Vol. 50, pp. 3296–3307, 2008.
[9] P. Muhamed Ashraf and S.M.A. Shibli. “Reinforcing aluminium with cerium oxide: A new and effective technique to prevent corrosion in marine environments”, Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 9, pp. 443–448, 2007.
[10] A. Benedetti, L. Magagnin, F. Passaretti, E. Chelossi, M. Faimali and G. Montesperell. “Cathodic protection of carbon steel in natural seawater: Effect of sunlight radiation”, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 54, pp. 6472–6478, 2009.
[11] M. Shehadeh, A. H. ElBatran and M. Anany. “Corrosion Fitness-for-Service Assessment of Pipelines Using a New Algorithm”, Proceedings 21st international conference on computer theory and applications (ICCTA 2011), Alexandria, Egypt, pp. 38-42, 15-17 Oct. 2011.
[12] C. Rousseau, F. Baraud, L. Leleyter, and O. Gil. “Cathodic protection by zinc sacrificial anodes: Impact on marine sediment metallic contamination”. Journal of hazardous materials, Vol. 167(1), pp. 953-958, 2009.
[13] De Baere, Kris Helen Verstraelen, Philippe Rigo, Steven Van Passel, Silvia Lenaerts, and Geert Potters. "Study on alternative approaches to corrosion protection of ballast tanks using an economic model." Marine Structures, Vol. 32, pp. 1-17, 2013.
[14] De Baere, Kris, Helen Verstraelen, Lucien Lemmens, Silvia Lenaerts, Raf Dewil, Yves Van Ingelgem, and Geert Potters. "A field study of the effectiveness of sacrificial anodes in ballast tanks of merchant ships." Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 19 (1), pp. 116-123, 2014.
[15] Kim, Seong Jong, Min Su Han, and Seung Jun Lee. "Effect of Zn Primer Coating on Electrochemical Properties in Seawater." In Advanced Materials Research, Trans Tech Publications, Vol. 811, pp. 46-53, 2013.
[16] A. Oryshchenko, and Yu L. Kuzmin. "Development of electrochemical cathodic protection against corrosion of ships, vessels, and offshore structures." Inorganic Materials: Applied Research, Vol. 6 (6), pp. 612-625, 2015.
[17] Druschitz, Alan P., Myrissa Maxfield, William Monzel, and Katie Tontodonato. "A Novel Approach for the Development of Low-Voltage, Aluminum, Sacrificial Anodes, CORROSION 2015, NACE International, 2015.
[18] I. Gurrappa, I. V. S. Yashwanth, and I. Mounika. "Cathodic Protection Technology for Protection of Naval Structures against Corrosion", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences, Vol. 85 (1), pp. 1-18, 2015.
[19] M. Shehadeh, and I. Hassan. "Study of sacrificial cathodic protection on marine structures in sea and fresh water in relation to flow conditions." Ships and Offshore Structures, Vol. 8 (1), pp. 102-110, 2013.
[20] A. El-Shenawy, and M. Shehadeh. “Prognosis the Erosion-Corrosion Rates for Slurry Seawater Flow in Steel Pipeline Using Neural System”, Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 1025-1026, pp. 355-360, 2014.
[21] M. Shehadeh, M. Anany, Khalid M. Saqr and I. Hassan. “Experimental investigation of erosion-corrosion phenomena in a steel fitting due to Plain and slurry seawater flow”. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Vol. 9 (1), pp. 1-8, 2014.
[22] M. El-Zebda, M. Shehadeh, and I. Hassan. “Investigating of Erosion Corrosion in Horizontal Steel Pipes with Slurry Seawater Flow”, International Review of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 6 (3), pp. 117-121, 2014.
[23] A. I. Shahata, M. Talaat Youssef, Khalid Saqr and Mohamed Shehadeh. “CFD Investigation of Slurry Seawater Flow Effect in Steel Elbows”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 3 (1), pp. 364-370, 2014.
[24] A. El-Shenawy, M. Elghamry, M. Shehadeh. “Predicting the Iron Losses from Horizontal Steel pipes Due to Erosive Environment Using New Algorithm”, WIT Transactions on The Built Environment “, Vol. 156, pp. 177-183, 2014.
[25] D. A. Jones, Principles and Prevention of Corrosion, Macmillan Publishing Co., N.Y, USA, 1992.
[26] J.M. Bridges, Code of Practice for the design, installation and operation of cathodic protection systems in ships, Witherby & Co. Ltd., London, UK, 1982.
[27] J. Morgan. “Cathodic Protection”, 3rd edn, NACE, TX, USA, 1987.
[28] F. P. Incropera and D. P. De Witt. “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”, 3rd edn, John Wiley&sons, N.Y, USA, 1990.
[29] K.J. Kennelly, R.H. Hausler and D.C. Silverman. “Flow Induced Corrosion”, Proceedings of NACE, TX, USA, 1991.