Unlocking Tourism Value through a Tourist Experience Management Paradigm
Authors: Siphiwe P. Mandina, Tinashe Shamuyashe
Abstract:
Tourism has become a topical issue amongst academics and practitioners due to its potential to contribute significantly towards an economy’s GDP. The problem underpinning this research is the fact that the major attraction, Victoria Falls, is being marketed in neighboring countries like South Africa, Botswana and Zambia with tour operators providing just day trips to the Victoria Falls. This has deprived Zimbabwe of income from tourism with tourists making day trips and actually not spending nights in Zimbabwe. This therefore calls for cutting edge marketing strategies that are superior to or inimitable by competing nations such as South Africa and Zambia. This study proposes a shift towards an experience management paradigm in the tourism sector. A qualitative research was adopted for this study, and findings of this study were generalized across different tourism contexts, therefore making the survey based research design more appropriate. The target population for this study is tourists visiting Zimbabwe over the period 2016 and ZTA visitor database acquired from the Department of Immigration will form the sampling frame for the purposes of this study.
Keywords: Competitiveness, tourist arrivals, tourist experience, Zimbabwe.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339678
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1096References:
[1] A. Rageh, T.C. Melewar, and A. Woodside, ‘Using netnography research method to reveal the underlying dimensions of the customer/tourist experience’. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 16(2), 2013. pp 126 – 149.
[2] A.I. Polo Peña, D.M. Frías Jamilena, and M.A. Rodríguez Molina, ‘Antecedents of loyalty toward rural hospitality enterprises: the moderating effect of the customer's previous experience’. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 3, 2013. pp 127-137.
[3] A.J. Samimi, S. Sadeghi, and S. Sadeghi, “Tourism and economic growth in developing countries: P-VAR approach”. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10(1), 2011, pp 28-32
[4] B. Schmitt, and L. Zarantonello, “Consumer experience and experiential marketing: A critical review”. Review of Marketing Research, 10. 2013. pp 25-61.
[5] B.J. II Pine, J.H and Gilmore, “Welcome to the experience economy”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 76 No. 4, 1998, pp. 97-106.
[6] C. Gunn, Vacationscape – Designing Tourist Regions, University Of Texas, Austin, TX. 1988.
[7] C. Sheng and M. Chen, ‘Tourist experience expectations: Questionnaire development and text narrative analysis’. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research. 7 (1) 2013. pp 93-104
[8] C.G. Chi. ‘An examination of destination loyalty: differences between first time and repeat visitors’. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 36 (1) 2012. pp 3 – 24.
[9] Gursoy. Chen and C. Chi, ‘Theoretical examination of destination loyalty formation’. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26 (5) 2014. pp 809 – 827
[10] D.L. Quadri-Felitti, A.M. and Fiore, “Destination loyalty: Effects of wine tourists’ experiences, memories, and satisfaction on intentions”. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(1), 2013, pp 47-62.
[11] E. Senderayi Marketing Manager (Asia and Pacific): Zimbabwe Tourism Authority. 2016. Personal interview. 18 June, Harare
[12] E.A Backlund, and W.P Stewart, “Effects of setting-based management on visitor experience outcomes: Differences across a management continuum”. Journal of Leisure Research, 44(3), 2012, pp 392–415
[13] Giritlioglu, E. Jones and C. Avcikurt, Measuring food and beverage service quality in spa hotels: A Case Study in Balıkesir, Turkey. 2014.
[14] Harvard Business Review “Lessons from the leading edge of customer experience management”. A Report by Harvard Business Review Analytic Services. Harvard Business School Publishing 2014
[15] J. Bruwer and L. Thach, ‘Wine tourists’ use of sources of information when visiting a USA wine region’. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 19 (3) 2013. pp 221-237.
[16] J.R.B Ritchie, V.W.S Tung, and R.J.B Ritchie, “Tourism experience management research: Emergence, evolution and future directions”. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(4), 2011, pp419-438
[17] J.W. Creswell, Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches, 3rd ed. SAGE, Los Angeles. 2013.
[18] J.W. Creswell, Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 1998.
[19] M. Bosnjak, J. Sirgy, S. Hellriegel and O. Maurer, ‘Postvisit destination loyalty judgments: developing and testing a comprehensive congruity model’. Journal of Travel Research, 50 (5) 2011. pp 496–508.
[20] M. Gabrielsson, T. Seppala, and P Gabrielsson, “Realizing a hybrid competitive strategy and achieving superior financial performance while internationalizing in the high-technology market”. Industrial Marketing Management. In Press 2015
[21] M. Saayman, M. Krugar, and J. Erasmus, “Finding the key to success: A visitors’ perspective at a national arts festival”. Acta Commercii, 2012, pp 150-172
[22] Manthiou, S.A. Lee, L.R. Tang, and L. Chiang, “The experience economy approach to festival marketing: Vivid memory and attendee loyalty”. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(1), 2014, pp 22 – 35
[23] N.G. Nwokah, and J. Gladson-Nwokah, “Delivery customer experience management practices in the UK and Nigeria aviation industry”. Interdisciplinary Studies Journal, 3(2), 2013. Pp 72-102
[24] P. Ho and H. Tsai, ‘A Study of Visitors’ Recreational Experience Types in Relationship to Customer Retention in Leisure Farm’. Journal of Global Business Management, 6 (2), 2010. pp 58 64
[25] S. Hosany and M. Witham, ‘Dimensions of cruisers’ experiences, satisfaction, and intention to recommend’. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 2010. pp 351-364.
[26] S. Larsen, ‘Aspects of a psychology of the tourist experience’. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality. 2007.
[27] S. Mlozi, ‘Loyalty program in Africa: risk-seeking and risk-averse adventurers’. Tourism Review, 69 (2) 2014. pp 137 – 157
[28] S. Rose, M. Clark, P. Samouel, and N. Hair, “Online customer experience in e-retailing: An empirical model of antecedents and outcomes”. Journal of Retailing, 88, 2012. pp 308-322.
[29] S. Vengesayi, ‘Tourism destination attractiveness: the mediating effect of destination support services’. The Business Review. 16(2), 2010. pp 170–185.
[30] S.M. Isa and L. Ramli, ‘Factors influencing tourist visitation in marine tourism: lessons learned from FRI Aquarium Penang, Malaysia’. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research. 8 (1) 2014. pp 103-117
[31] V. Chauhan, and D. Manhas “Dimensional analysis of customer experience in civil aviation sector”. Journal of Services Research, 14(1), 2014, pp 75-98
[32] V. Zeithaml, L.L. Berry, and A. Parasuraman, ‘The nature and determinants of customer expectations of service’. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21 (1), 1993. pp 1-12.
[33] W.C. Gartner and M.K. Ruzzier, ‘Tourism destination brand equity dimensions: renewal versus repeat market’. Journal of Travel Research, 50 (5) 2010. pp 471-481.
[34] World Tourism Organization, UNWTO Annual Report 2013, UNWTO, Madrid, Spain. 2013
[35] Zimbabwe Tourism Authority Vision 2020, (2014). The National Tourism Marketing and Growth Strategy