Biosorption of Cu (II) and Zn (II) from Real Wastewater onto Cajanus cajan Husk

Authors: Mallappa A. Devani, John U. Kennedy Oubagaranadin, Basudeb Munshi

Abstract:

In this preliminary work, locally available husk of Cajanus cajan (commonly known in India as Tur or Arhar), a bio-waste, has been used in its physically treated and chemically activated form for the removal of binary Cu (II) and Zn(II) ions from the real waste water obtained from an electroplating industry in Bangalore, Karnataka, India and from laboratory prepared binary solutions having almost similar composition of the metal ions, for comparison. The real wastewater after filtration and dilution for five times was used for biosorption studies at the normal pH of the solutions at room temperature. Langmuir's binary model was used to calculate the metal uptake capacities of the biosorbents. It was observed that Cu(II) is more competitive than Zn(II) in biosorption. In individual metal biosorption, Cu(II) uptake was found to be more than that of the Zn(II) and a similar trend was observed in the binary metal biosorption from real wastewater and laboratory prepared solutions. FTIR analysis was carried out to identify the functional groups in the industrial wastewater and EDAX for the elemental analysis of the biosorbents after experiments.

Keywords: Biosorption, Cajanus cajan, multi metal remediation, wastewater.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1128040

References:

[1] M. El-Fadel, A.N. Findikakis, and J.O. Leckie, "Environmental impacts of solid waste land filling," J. Environ. Manage., vol. 50, pp. 1–25, 1997.
[2] B. Yu, Y. Zhang, A. Shukla, S.S. Shukla, and K.L. Dorris, “The removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption - removal of copper”, J. Hazard. Mater., Part B 80, pp. 33–42, 2000.
[3] K. SrinivasRaju, and S.V. Naidu, “A review on removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by rice husk as an adsorbent”, J. Chem. Bio. Phy., Sci., Sec. D, vol. 3, No.2, pp. 602–606, 2013.
[4] NRC (National Research Council), Drinking Water and Public Health Safe Drinking Water Committee, vol. 1, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1977.
[5] A.P. McHale, and S. McHale, “Microbial biosorption of metals: potential in the treatment of metal pollution”, Biotechnol. Adv., vol. 12, pp. 647–652, 1994.
[6] S.J.T. Pollard, G.D. Fowler, C.J. Sollars, and R. Perry, “Low-cost adsorbents for waste and wastewater treatment: a review”, Sci. Total Environ., vol.116, pp. 31–52, 1992.
[7] A. Kapoor, and T. Viraraghavan, “Fungal biosorption – an alternative treatment option for heavy metal bearing wastewaters: a review”, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 53, pp. 195–206, 1995.
[8] K. Vijayaraghavan, and T.S. Yun, “Bacterial biosorbents and biosorption”, Biotechnol. Adv., vol. 26, pp. 266–291, 2008.
[9] B.C. Qi, and C. Aldrich, “Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions with tobacco dust”, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, pp. 5595–5601, 2008.
[10] A. Bhatnagar, and M. Sillanpaa, “Utilization of agro-industrial and municipal waste materials as potential adsorbents for water treatment - a review”, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 157, pp. 277–296, 2010.
[11] S. Schiewer, and S.B. Patil, “Pectin-rich fruit wastes as biosorbents for heavy metal removal: equilibrium and kinetics”, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 99, pp. 1896–1903, 2008.
[12] A. Demir, and M. Arisoy, “Biological and chemical removal of Cr(VI) from waste water: cost and benefit analysis”, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 147 pp. 275–280, 2007.
[13] K.H. Chong, and B. Volesky, “Description of two-metal biosorptionequilibria by Langmuir-type models”, Biotechnol. Bioeng., vol. 47, pp. 451–460, 1996.
[14] Z. Aksu, and U. Açikel, “Modelling of a single-staged bioseparation process for simultaneous removal of iron(III) and chromium(VI) by using Chlorella vulgaris”, Biochem. Eng. J., vol. 4 pp. 229–238, 2000.
[15] I. Langmuir, “Constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 38, 2221–2295, 1916.
[16] W.A. Moore, R.C. Kroner, C.C. Ruchhoft, “Dichromate Reflux Method for Determination of Oxygen Consumed”, Anal. Chem., vol. 21(8), pp. 953–957,1949.
[17] A.D. Eaton, L.S. Clesceri, E.W. Rice, A.E. Greenberg, and M.A.H. Franson, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st ed., American Public Health Association, American Water Work Association, and Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC,1998.