Effect of Zinc Chloride Activation on Physicochemical Characteristics of Cassava Peel and Waste Bamboo Activated Carbon

Authors: Olayinka Omotosho, Anthony Amori

Abstract:

Cassava peels and bamboo waste materials discarded from construction are two sources of waste that could constitute serious menace where they exist in large quantities and inadequately handled. The study examined the physicochemical characteristics of activated carbon materials derived from cassava peels and bamboo waste materials discarded from construction site. Both materials were subjected to carbonization and chemical activation using zinc chloride. Results show that the chemical activation of the materials had a more effect on pore formation in cassava peels than in bamboo materials. Bamboo material exhibited a reverse trend for zinc and sulphate ion decontamination efficiencies as the value of zinc chloride impregnation varied unlike cassava peel carbon biomass which exhibited a more consistent result of decontamination efficiency for the seven contaminants tested. Although waste bamboo biomass exhibited higher adsorption intensity as indicated by values of decontamination for most of the contaminants tested, the cassava peel carbon biomass showed a more balanced adsorption level.

Keywords: Zinc chloride, cassava peels, activated carbon, bamboo waste, SEM.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1127146

References:

[1] P. L. Y. Foo and L.Y. Lee “Preparation of Activated Carbon from Parkia Speciosa Pod by Chemical Activation”. Proc. World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (WCEC 2010), Sept. 2010: 98-104, 2010.
[2] W. Hassler “Purification with Activated Carbon”, Chemical Publishing Co, Inc., New York, 1974.
[3] P.T. Williams and A. R. Reed, A.R. “High grade of activation and pyrolysis of natural fiber textile waste”. Journal of Analysis, Application and Pyrolsis vol. 7 no 1, pp. 971-986, 2004.
[4] T.H. Usmani, M. Tahir, I. SiddiQui and F. A. Perveen “Preparation of Activated Carbon from Date Pits by Physical Activation in Fluidized Bed Reactor”, Jour. Chem.Soc.Pak, vol. 25, no 3, pp 183-187, 2003
[5] D. Adinata, W. M. A. W. Daud, and M. K. Aroua “Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from palm shell by chemical activation with K2CO3” Journal of Bioresource Technology. vol. 98, pp 145–149, 2007.
[6] A. Ahmadpour, B. King and D. Do “Comparison of equilibria and kinetics of high surface area activated carbon produced from different precursors and by different chemical treatments” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol 37, no 4, pp 133-136, 1998.
[7] A. M. Puziy, O. I. Poddubnaya, A. Matinez-Alonso, F. J. Suarez-Garcia and M. D. Tascon “Characterization of synthetic carbon activated with phosphoric acid” Journal of Applied surface vol 200 no 2002, pp 99-202, 2002.
[8] P. Subhashree, “Production and characterization of Activated Carbon produced from a suitable Industrial sludge” National Institute of Technology Rourkela. Pp. 1-69, 2011.
[9] L. A. Nwaogwu, N. C. Agha, C. S. Alisi and C. E. Ihejirika “Investigation on the effect of cassava effluent-polluted soil on germination, emergence and oxidative stress parameters of Telferia occidentalis,” Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) vol. 1, no. 6, pp 104-111, 2011.
[10] A. O. Obadina, O. B. Oyewole, L. O. Sanni, and S. S. Abiola “Fungal enrichment of cassava peels proteins”, African Journal of Biotechnology. 5(3): 302-304, 2006.
[11] O. A. Omotosho, “Production and Utilization of Cassava Peel Activated Carbon in Treatment of Effluent from Cassava Processing Industry”, M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering University of Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 50-72, 2012.
[12] O. O. Ijaola, “Production and utilization of activated carbon from waste bamboo as adsorbent in water treatment”. M.Sc. Thesis submitted to Faculty of Technology University of Ibadan. pp.59-70, 2011.
[13] O. O. Ijaola, “Production and utilization of activated carbon from waste bamboo as adsorbent in water treatment”. M.Sc. Thesis submitted to Faculty of Technology University of Ibadan. pp.59-70, 2011.
[14] O. A. Omotosho, “Production and Utilization of Cassava Peel Activated Carbon in Treatment of Effluent from Cassava Processing Industry”, M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering University of Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 50-72, 2012.
[15] H. Hasar, “Adsorption of nickel(II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from almond husk”. Journal of Hazardous Materials B97 (2003) 49–57, 2003.
[16] V. R. Kinhikar “Removal of Nickel (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)”. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, vol 2 no 6, pp 6-11, 2012.
[17] M. E.l-Batouti and A. M. Ahmed “Adsorption Kinetics Of Nickel (II) Onto Activated Carbon Prepared From Natural Adsorbent Rice Husk”, International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research, vol 2 no 15 pp 145-148, 2014.