The Links between Cardiovascular Risk and Psychological Wellbeing in Elderly

Authors: Laura Sapranaviciute-Zabazlajeva, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Dalia Luksiene, Dalia Virviciute

Abstract:

The cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the EU, especially in the middle aged and elderly population. Psychological wellbeing (PWB) has been linked with better cardiovascular health and survival in the elderly. The aim of the study is to evaluate associations between CVD risk and PWB in middle-aged and elderly population. 10,940 middle aged and older Lithuanians of age 45-74 years, were invited to participate in the study. A study sample was a random and stratified by gender and age. In 2006-2008 7,087 responders participated in the survey, so the response rate was 64.8%. A follow-up study was conducted from 2006 till 2015. New CVD cases and deaths from CVD were evaluated using the Kaunas population-based CVD register and death register of Kaunas. Study results revealed that good PWB predicts longer life in female participants (Log Rank = 13.7, p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model for socio-demographic, social and CVD risk factors, hazard ratio for CVD mortality risk was lower amongst women with good PWB (HR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.11-0.72), but not significantly for men. Our study concludes, that lower CVD mortality rates is being associated with better PWB in female aged 45-74 years.

Keywords: Psychological wellbeing, cardiovascular disease, elderly.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1126209

References:

[1] Health Information Centre. Health in the Baltic Countries 2012 (21th edition). Vilnius: Sveikatos Apsaugos Ministerija; 2014.
[2] Murauskiene L, Janoniene R, Veniute M, Ginneken E, Karanikolas M. Lithuania: health system review. Health Syst Transit. 2013;15:1-150.
[3] Fuster V, Mearns BM. The CVD paradox: mortality vs prevalence. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009; 6:669.
[4] Kending H, Browning CJ, Thomas SA, Wells Y. Health, lifestyle, and gender infuences on aging well: An Australian longitudinal analysis to guide health promotion. Front Public Health. 2014; 2:70.
[5] Chida Y, Steptoe A. Positive psychological well-being and mortality: a quantitavive review of prospective observational studies. Psychosom Med. 2008;70:741-756.
[6] Peasey A, Bobak M, Kubinova R, Malyutina S, Pajak A, Tamosiunas A, Pikhart H, Nicholson A, Marmot M. Determinants of cardio¬vascular disease and other non-communicable diseases in Central and Eastern Europe: rationale and design of the HAPIEE study. BMC Publ Health. 2006;6:255.
[7] Hyde M, Wiggins RD, Blane D, Higgs P. A measure of quality of life in early old age: The theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model. Aging Ment Health. 2003;7:86–94.
[8] Carpenter JS, Andrykowski MA, Hall L, Rayens MK, Sachs B, Cunningham LLC. Psychometrics for two short forms of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1998;19:481-494.
[9] Sapranavičiūtė-Zabazlajeva L, Rėklaitienė R, Tamošiūnas A, Bacevičienė M, Virvičiūtė D, Peasey A. Correlates of depressive symptoms in urban middle-aged and elderly Lithuanians. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49:1199-1207.
[10] Rėklaitienė R, Gražulevičienė R, Dėdelė A, Virvičiūtė D, Venslovienė J, Tamošiūnas A, Bacevičienė M, Lukšienė D, Sapranavičiūtė-Zabazlajeva L, Radišauskas R, Bernotienė G, Bobak M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. The relationship of green space, depressive symptoms and perceived general health in urban population. Scand J Public Health. 2014;42:669-676.
[11] Tamošiūnas A, Bacevičienė M, Rėklaitienė O, Radišauskas R, Jurėnienė K, Azarevičienė A, Lukšienė D, Malinauskienė V, Daugėlienė E, Sap¬ranavičiūtė-Zabazlajeva L. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive function in middle aged and elderly Lithuanian urban population: results from the HAPIEE study. BMC Neurol. 2012;12:149 doi:10.1186/1471-2377-12-149.
[12] Steel N, Huppert FA, McWilliams B, Melzer D. Physical and cognitive function. In Marmot M, Banks J, Blundell R, Lessof C, Nazroo J, editors. Health, wealth and lifestyles of the older population in England: The 2002 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. London: Institute of Fiscal Studies; 2003. p. 249-300
[13] Prineas RJ, Crow RS, Blackburn H: The Minnesota code. John Wright, London: Manual of electrocardiographic findings; 1982.
[14] Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Rajakangas AM, Pajak A. Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation. 1994;90:583-612.
[15] Radisauskas R, Petrokiene Z, Rastenyte D. Myocardial infarct morbidity and mortality trends in the Kaunas population aged 25-64 years of age during 1983-1998. Medicina. 2002;38:86-93.
[16] Radisauskas R, Rastenyte D, Bernotiene G, Sopagiene D, Jancaityte L. Morbidity and mortality from the major cardiovascular diseases in Kaunas population from the major cardiovascular diseases in Kaunas population from 1983 to 2002. Medicina. 2003;39:1208-1214.
[17] Rastenyte D, Sopagiene D, Virviciute D, Jureniene K. Diverging trends in the incidence and mortality of stroke register ir Kaunas. Lithuania. Scand J public Health. 2006;34:488-495.
[18] Nabi H, Kivimaki M, Vogli R, Marmot M, Singh-Manoux A. Positive and negative affect and risk of coronary heart disease: Whitehall II prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2008;337:118-125.
[19] Shirai K, Hiroyasu I, Ohira T, Ikeda A, Noda H, Honjo K, Inoue M, Tsugane Sh. Perceived level of life enjoyment and risks of cardio¬vascular disease incidence and mortality: the Japan public health center-based study. Circulation. 2009;120:956-963.
[20] Haukkala A, Konttinen H, Uutela A, Kawachi I, Laatikainen T. Gender differences in the associations between depressive symptoms, cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19:623-629.
[21] Steptoe A, Demakakos P, Oliveira C. The psychological well-being, health and functioning of older people in England. In The Dynamics of Ageing. Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2002-2010. Banks J, Nazroo J, Steptoe A, editors. London: PurePrint Group; 2012. p. 98-183.
[22] Boehm J, Peterson Ch, Kivimaki M, Kubzansky L. A prospective study of positive psychological well-being and coronary heart disease. Health Psychol. 2011;30:259-267.
[23] Kubzansky LD, Thurston RC. Emotional vitality and incident coronary heart disease: benefits of healthy psychological functioning. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:1393-1401.
[24] Ortega FB, Lee D, Sui X, Kubzansky L, Ruiz J, Baruth M, Castillo M, Blair SN. Psychological well-being, cardiorespiratory fitness, and long-term survival. Am J Prev Med. 2010;39:440-448.
[25] Guven C, Saloumidis R. Why is the world getting older? The influence of happiness on mortality. School working paper. Australia: Deakin University. 2009 (cited 2015 September 15). Available from http://www.deakin.edu.au/buslaw/aef/workingpapers/papers/2009_3.pdf
[26] Steptoe A, Demakakos P, Oliveira C, Jane W. Distinctive Biological Correlates of Positive Psychological Well-Being in Older Men and Women. Psychosom Med. 2012;74:501-508.