Genetic Diversity Based Population Study of Freshwater Mud Eel (Monopterus cuchia) in Bangladesh

Authors: M. F. Miah, K. M. A. Zinnah, M. J. Raihan, H. Ali, M. N. Naser

Abstract:

As genetic diversity is most important for existing, breeding and production of any fish; this study was undertaken for investigating genetic diversity of freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia at population level where three ecological populations such as flooded area of Sylhet (P1), open water of Moulvibazar (P2) and open water of Sunamganj (P3) districts of Bangladesh were considered. Four arbitrary RAPD primers (OPB-12, C0-4, B-03 and OPB-08) were screened and RAPD banding patterns were analyzed among the populations considering 15 individuals of each population. In total 174, 138 and 149 bands were detected in the populations of P1, P2 and P3 respectively; however, each primer revealed less number of bands in each population. 100% polymorphic loci were recorded in P2 and P3 whereas only one monomorphic locus was observed in P1, recorded 97.5% polymorphism. Different genetic parameters such as inter-individual pairwise similarity, genetic distance, Nei genetic similarity, linkage distances, cluster analysis and allelic information, etc. were considered for measuring genetic diversity. The average inter-individual pairwise similarity was recorded 2.98, 1.47 and 1.35 in P1, P2 and P3 respectively. Considering genetic distance analysis, the highest distance 1 was recorded in P2 and P3 and the lowest genetic distance 0.444 was found in P2. The average Nei genetic similarity was observed 0.19, 0.16 and 0.13 in P1, P2 and P3, respectively; however, the average linkage distance was recorded 24.92, 17.14 and 15.28 in P1, P3 and P2 respectively. Based on linkage distance, genetic clusters were generated in three populations where 6 clades and 7 clusters were found in P1, 3 clades and 5 clusters were observed in P2 and 4 clades and 7 clusters were detected in P3. In addition, allelic information was observed where the frequency of p and q alleles were observed 0.093 and 0.907 in P1, 0.076 and 0.924 in P2, 0.074 and 0.926 in P3 respectively. The average gene diversity was observed highest in P2 (0.132) followed by P3 (0.131) and P1 (0.121) respectively.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, Monopterus cuchia, population, RAPD, Bangladesh.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1124409

References:

[1] L. H. Herbst, S. F. Costa, L. M. Weiss, L. K. Johnson, J. Bartell, R. Davis, M. Walsh, and M. Levi, Granulomatous skin lesions in Moray eel caused by a novel Mycobacterium species related to Mycobacterium triplex. Infect. Immun., 2001, Vol. 69: pp. 4639-4646.
[2] A. A. K. Rahman. “Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh,” Zoological Science of Bangladesh, University of Dhaka, 1989, 364p.
[3] S. M. Galib, M. A. Samad, A. B. M. Mohsin, F. A. Flowra, and M. T. Alam, Present status of fishes in the Chalan Beel-the largest beel (wetland) of Bangladesh, Int. J. Ani. Fish. Sci., 2009, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 214-218.
[4] D. E. Rosen, and P. H. Greemwood, A fourth neotropical species of synbranchid eel and the phylogeny and systematic of Synbranchiformes fishes, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1976, Vol. 157, pp. 5-69.
[5] J. S. D. Munshi, G. M. Hughes, P. Gehr and E. R. Weibel, Structure of the air-breathing organs of a swamp mud eel, M. cuchia, Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 1989, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 453-358.
[6] A. K. Mittal and S. K. Agarwal, Histochemistry of the unicellular glands in relation to their physiological significance in the epidermis of Monopterus cuchia (Synbranchiformes, Pisces). J. Zool. London, 1977, Vol. 182, pp. 429-439.
[7] N. Mishra, P. K. Pandey and J. S. D. Munshi, “Haematologica parameters of an air-breathing mud eel, Monopterus cuchia (Ham.) (Amphipnoidae: Pisces)”, J. Fish Biol., 1977, Vol. 10, pp. 567-573.
[8] J. S. D. Unshiand and B. R. Singh, On the respiratory organs of Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton 1822), J. Marph, 1968, No. 124, pp. 423-444.
[9] S.S.T. Nasar, Backyard eel culture, International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang, Cavite, Philippines,1997, pp 88.
[10] B.F. McPherson, R.L. Miller, K. H. Haag, Bradner and Anne, Water quality in Southern Florida, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1207, 2000, pp. 32
[11] N. T. Narejo, S. M. Rahmatullah, and M. M. Rashid, Reproductive biology of air-breathing freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton) from Bangladesh. Indian J. Fish. 2003, pp. 395-399.
[12] F. M. Miah, F. Haque, M. R. Mia, E. Jannat, H. Ali, M. M. A. Quddus, and M. K. Ahmed, “Molecular Identification and Sexual Differentiation of Freshwater Mud Eel, Monopterus cuchia”. Universal journal of Agriculture Research, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 54-58.
[13] D. A. Jahan, J. Rashid, M. M. Khan, and Y. Mahmud, Reproductive biology and gonad histology of mud eel, Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822), Int. J. Life Sc. Bt & Pharm., 2014, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 231-239.
[14] M. F. Miah, H. Ali, E. Zannath, T. M. Shuvra, M. N. Naser and M. K. Ahmed, Breeding biology and induced breeding status of freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering, (2015), Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 633-637.
[15] M. M. Hasan, B. S. Sarker, K. M. S. Nazrul, M. M. Rahman and A. Al-Mamun, Marketing channel and export potentiality of freshwater mud eel (Monopterus cuchia) of Noakhali region in Bangladesh, Int. J. Life Sc. Bt and Pharm. Res., 2012, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 226-233.
[16] M. S. Hossian, and M. A. Mazid, A manual on development of floodplain fisheries, Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh, 2, 1995.
[17] IUCN-Bangladesh, Red Book of Threatened Fishes of Bangladesh. The World Conservation Union, Bangladesh, 2000, pp. 116.
[18] M. F. Miah, H. Ali, E. Jannat, M. N. Naser and M. K. Ahmed, Rearing and production performance of freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia in different culture regimes. Advances in Zoology and Botany, 2015, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 42-49.
[19] M. Zaher and M.A. Mazid, Aquafeeds and feeding strategies in Bangladesh, p. 161-180. In M.B. New, A.G.J. Tacon and I. Csavas (eds.) Farm-made aquafeeds. Proceedings of the FAO/AADCP Regional Expert Consultation on Farm-Made Aquafeeds, 14-18 December 1992, Bangkok, Thailand. FAO-RAPA/AADCP, Bangkok, Thailand. 1993, 434 p.
[20] M. M. A. Quddus, A. K. Banerjee, F. Parveen, R. Ara, and M. P. Costa, “Development of social fishery technology using small indigenous fishers of Bangladesh”. Dhaka University J. of Biol. Sci., 2000, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 131-138.
[21] M. S. Alam, M. S. Islam and M. S. Alam, DNA Fingerprinting of the Freshwater Mud Eel, Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton) by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Marker. International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 271-278.
[22] S. L. He, X. W. Liu, Z. L. Guo, H. Jin. And J. P. Zhang, The genetic diversity of three species of Monopterus. J. Hunan Agric. Univ., 2004, Vol. 30, 145-147
[23] G. U. Ahmed, M. N. Akter, S. A. Nipa, and M. M. Hossain, “Investigation on health condition of a freshwater eel, Monopterus cuchia from Ailee beel, Mymensingh, Bangladesh”. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 2009, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 421–426.
[24] G. M. Hughes, B. R. Singh, and R. N. Thakur, Areas of the air-breathing surface of Amphipnous cuchia (Ham.), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India, 1974, Vol. 40, No. B, pp.379-392.
[25] M. F. Miah, P. Guswami, R. Al Rafi, A. Ali, S. Islam, M. M. A. Quddus and M. K. Ahmed, Assessment of Genetic Variability among Individuals of Freshwater Mud Eel, Monopterus cuchia in a Population of Bangladesh. American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, 2013, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 176-181.
[26] M. F. Miah, M. N. Naser and M. K. Ahmed, The freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia-a review. Journal of Global Biosciences, 2015, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 1780-1794.
[27] M. Shafi, and M. A. Quddus, Bangladesh Matshyo Sampad. Bangla Academy, Dhaka, 1982, pp. 245-246.
[28] P. K. Talwar, and V. G. Jhingran, Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Calcutta, 1991, Vol. I, pp. 541.
[29] K. Schwenk, A. Sand, M. Boersma, M. Brehm, E. Mader, D. Offerhaus and P. Spaak, Genetic markers, genealogies and biogeographic patterns in the cladocera. Aquatic Ecology, 1998, Vol. 32, pp. 37–51
[30] R. B. Wei, G. F. Qiu and R. Song, Genetic diversity of rice field eel (Monopterus albus) in China based on RAPD analysis. Asian Fish. Sci., 2006, Vol. 19, pp. 61-68.
[31] S. Yin, J. Li, G. Zhou, Y. Liu, Population genetic structure of rice field eel (Monopterus albus) with RAPD markers. Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol., 2005, Vol. 11, pp, 328-332 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[32] W. Li, W. Sun and J. F. C. Zhang, Genetic diversity of wild and cultured swamp eel (Monopterus albus) populations from central China revealed by ISSR markers. Biologia, 2013, Vol. 68, No. 4, pp. 727-732.
[33] W. T. Li, X. L. Liao, X. M. Yu, L. Cheng and J. Tong, Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in a sex-reversal fish, rice field eel (Monopterus albus). Molecular Ecology, 2007, Notes 7.
[34] L. Lei, L. Feng, T. Rong Jian and G. H. Yue, Characterization and multiplex genotyping of novel microsatellites from Asian swamp eel, Monopterus albus. Conservation Genet Resour., 2012, Vol. 4, pp. 63-365.