Oil Contents, Mineral Compositions, and Their Correlations in Wild and Cultivated Safflower Seeds

Authors: Rahim Ada, Mustafa Harmankaya, Sadiye Ayse Celik

Abstract:

The safflower seed contains about 25-40% solvent extract and 20-33% fiber. It is well known that dietary phospholipids lower serum cholesterol levels effectively. The nutrient composition of safflower seed changes depending on region, soil and genotypes. This research was made by using of six natural selected (A22, A29, A30, C12, E1, F4, G8, G12, J27) and three commercial (Remzibey, Dincer, Black Sun1) varieties of safflower genotypes. The research was conducted on field conditions for two years (2009 and 2010) in randomized complete block design with three replications in Konya-Turkey ecological conditions. Oil contents, mineral contents and their correlations were determined in the research. According to the results, oil content was ranged from 22.38% to 34.26%, while the minerals were in between the following values: 1469, 04-2068.07 mg kg^-1 for Ca, 7.24-11.71 mg kg^-1 for B, 13.29-17.41 mg kg^-1 for Cu, 51.00-79.35 mg kg^-1 for Fe, 3988-6638.34 mg kg^-1 for K, 1418.61-2306.06 mg kg^-1 for Mg, 11.37-17.76 mg kg^-1 for Mn, 4172.33-7059.58 mg kg^-1 for P and 32.60-59.00 mg kg^-1 for Zn. Correlation analysis that was made separately for the commercial varieties and wild lines showed that high level of oil content was negatively affected by all the investigated minerals except for K and Zn in the commercial varieties.

Keywords: Safflower, oil, mineral content, quality.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1327260

References:

[1] Ada, R., 2013. Dimension, Geometric, Agricultural, and Quality Characteristics of Safflower Seeds. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19(1), 7-12.
[2] Burt R. (ed.) 2004. Soil survey laboratory methods manual. Soil Survey Laboratory Investigations Report No: 42. USDA-NRCS. http://soils.usda.gov/technical/lmm/
[3] Buyuktuncel E. 2012. Gelişmiş Ekstraksiyon Teknikleri I. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 209-242. (Tr)
[4] Dordas C.A., Sıoulas C. 2008. Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Ind Crops Prod. 27: 75–85.
[5] Esendal E., Tosun F. 1972. Research on the yield, phonological, morphological and seed characteristics of some native and foreign varieties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Erzurum ecological conditions. Atatürk Univ J Agric Fac.,3: 93-115 (Tr).
[6] Grusak M.A., Dellapenna D. 1999. Improving the nutrient composition of plants to enhance human nutrition and health. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50, 133–161.
[7] Haq M.Z.U., Iqbal S., Shakeel A., Imran M., Nıaz A., Bhanger M. 2007. Nutritional and compositional study of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) cultivars grown in Punjab. Pakistan Food Chemistry, 105(4): 1357-1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.004
[8] Ibanez M.V., Rıncon F., Amaro M., Martınez B., 1997. Intrinsic variability of mineral composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). Food Chemistry, 63(1): 55-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(97)00221-5
[9] Jıal L.H. Lılt Y., Le Y.Z. 2011. Determination of wholesome elements and heavy metalsin safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) from Xinjiang and Henan by ICP-MS/ICP-AES. Pharm Anal 1(2), 100-103.
[10] Johnson R. C., Bergman J. W., Flynn C.R. 1999. Oil and meal characteristics of core and non-core safflower accessions from the usda collection. Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 46: 611-618.
[11] Karakaya, A., Başalma D., Uranbey S., 2004. Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes to rust disease. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10: 93-95.
[12] Knowles, P.F.1969. Centers of plant diversity and conservation of crop germplasm: Safflower. Econ. Bot. 23, 324–329.
[13] Oguz, M.N., Oguz, F.K., Buyukoglu, T.I. 2014. Effect of different concentrations of dietary safflower seed on milk yield and some rumen and blood parameters at the end stage of lactation in dairy cows. R. Bras. Zootec., 43(4):207-211.
[14] Raymond H.B., Elmer De Ruler B.S., Saul H.R. 1975. Effect of feeding polyunsaturated fattyacids with a low vitamin E diet on blood levels of tocopherol in men performing hard physical labor. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 28: 706-711.
[15] Shımelıs E.A., Rakshıt S.K. 2005. Proximate composition and physico-chemical properties of improved dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties grown in Ethiopia. LWT, 38: 331-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2004.07.002
[16] Sıngh G.D., Wanı A.A., Kaur D., Sogı D.S. 2008. Characterisation and functional properties of proteins of some indian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars. J. Sci Food Agric., 88: 778–786. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3144.
[17] Wang N., Hatcher D.W., Toews R., Gawalko E.J. 2009. Influence of cooking and dehulling on nutritional composition of several varieties of lentils (Lens culinaris). Food Science and Technology, 42: 842–848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2008.10.007
[18] Uysal N. Baydar H., Erbas E. 2006. Determination of agricultural and technological properties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorus L.) lines developed from Isparta population. Suleyman Demirel Universty, Journal of Faculty of Agriculture, 1(1):52-63.
[19] Vorpsı V. Harızaj F. Bardhı N. Vladı V. Dodona E. 2010. Carthamus tinctorius L., the quality of safflower seeds cultivated in Albania. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 42 (1): 326-331.
[20] Yau S.K. 2006. Winter versus spring sowing of rain-fed safflower in a semi-arid, high-elevation Mediterranean environment. Eur J Agron. 26: 249-256.
[21] Zhang Z., Johnson R.C. 1999. Safflower germplasm collection Directory. IPGRI is an institute of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). safflower.wsu.edu/Saff_dir.pdf