Biodiversity of Plants Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane Bacteria in the Presence of Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Authors: Togzhan D. Mukasheva, Anel A. Omirbekova, Raikhan S. Sydykbekova, Ramza Zh. Berzhanova, Lyudmila V. Ignatova

Abstract:

Following plants-barley (Hordeum sativum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), grass mixture (red fescue-75%, long-term ryegrass - 20% Kentucky bluegrass - 10%), oilseed rape (Brassica napus biennis), resistant to growth in the contaminated soil with oil content of 15.8 g / kg 25.9 g / kg soil were used. Analysis of the population showed that the oil pollution reduces the number of bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants and enhances the amount of spore-forming bacteria and saprotrophic micromycetes. It was shown that regardless of the plant, dominance of Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera bacteria was typical for the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants. The frequency of bacteria of these genera was more than 60%. Oil pollution changes the ratio of occurrence of various types of bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants. Besides the Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera, in the presence of hydrocarbons in the root zone of plants dominant and most typical were the representatives of the Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus genera. Together the number was between 62% to 72%.

Keywords: Identification, micromycetes, pollution, root system.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339015

References:

[1] E. J. Joner, S. C. Corgie, N. Amellal, C. Leyval “Nutritional constraints to degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a simulated rhizosphere”, Soil Biol. Biochem., vol. 34, pp. 859–864, 2002.
[2] Travis S. Walker, Harsh Pal Bais, Erich Grotewold, Jorge M. Vivanco “Root Exudation and Rhizosphere Biology”, Plant Physiology, vol. 132, no.1, pp. 44-51, 2003.
[3] Kun Li, Xiu Wu Guo, Hong Gang Xie, Yinshan Guo and Chengxiang Li “Influence of Rroot Exudates and residues on soil microecological environment”, Pak. J. Bot., vol. 45, no.5, pp. 1773-1779, 2013.
[4] M. Garcia-Martinez, J. Kuo, K. Kilminster “Microbial colonization in the seagrass Posidonia spp. Roots”, Mar. Biol. Res., vol. 1, no. 6, pp 388–395, 2005.
[5] N. Narula, E. Kothe, R. Kumar Beh l “Role of root exudates in plantmicrobe interactions”, J. Appl. Bot. And Food Qual., vol. 82, no.2, pp. 122–130-2009.
[6] María Guineth Torres-Rubio, Sandra Astrid Valencia-Plata, Jaime Bernal-Castillo, Patricia Martínez-Nieto “Isolation of Enterobacteria, Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., Producers of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Siderophores, from Colombian Rice Rhizosphere”, Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología, vol 42, pp. 171-176, 2000.
[7] Ajay Kumar, Amit Kumar, Shikha Devi, Sandip Patil, Chandani Payal “Isolation, screening and characterization of bacteria from Rhizospheric soils for different plant growth promotion (PGP) activities: an in vitro study”, Recent Research in Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 01-05, 2012.
[8] Togzhan D. Mukasheva, Anel A. Omirbekova, Raikhan S. Sydykbekova et al “Selection of plants as possible rhizoremediators for restoration of oil contaminated soil”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Issue 79, pp. 1582 – 1586, 2013.
[9] Upadhyay SK, Singh DP, Saikia R. “Genetic diversity of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil of wheat under saline condition”, Curr Microbiol, vol. 59, no.5, pp.489-496, 2009.
[10] Ed. F. Gerhardt “Methods for General Bacteriology”. New York: Wiley,.264 p., 1984.
[11] Dobrovol'skaya TG, Skvortsov IN, Lysak LV “Methods for the identification and isolation of soil bacteria”, Moscow, Moscow State University Press, 1990.
[12] Keshav Prasad Shukla, Shivesh Sharma, Nand Kumar Singh, Vasudha Singh, Kirti Tiwari “Nature and role of root exudates: Efficacy in bioremediation”, African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 10(48), pp. 9717-9724, 2011.
[13] Amann R.I., Ludwig W., Schleifer K.H. “Phylogenic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation”, Microbiol. Rev. ,Vol. 59, № 1, pp.143–169, 199.5
[14] Kennedy A.C., GewinV.L. “Soil microbial diversity: present and future considerations “, Soil Sci., Vol. 162, № 9, pp. 607-617. 1997.
[15] Torsvik V., Ovreas L. “Microbial diversity and function in soil: from genus to ecosystems”, Current Opinion in Microbiology, Vol. 5, P. 240– 245, 2002.
[16] Anel Omirbekova , Makpal Kargayeva , Togzhan Mukasheva et al “Isolation of oil-degrading microorganisms from rhizoplane and rhizosphere of plants and and evaluation of their destructive activity”, FEBS Journal Volume 280, Issue Supplement s1.
[17] L. C. Davis et al.”Benefits of vegetation for soils with organic contaminants”, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. Vol. 21, N 5., P. 457–491. 2002.
[18] N. K. Hannik et al. “Phytoremediation of explosives”, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. – 2002. – Vol. 21, N 5. – P. 511–538.
[19] K. Lindström et al. Potential of the Galega–Rhizobium galegae system for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil // Food Technol. and Biotechnol. – 2003. – Vol. 41, N 1. – P. 11–16.
[20] Ho CH, Applegate B, Banks MK. Impact of microbial/plant interactions on the transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rhizosphere of Festuca arundinacea. Int J Phytoremediation. 2007, 9(2):107-14.
[21] Kuiper I, Bloemberg GV, Lugtenberg BJ. Selection of a plant-bacterium pair as a novel tool for rhizostimulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2001, 14(10):1197-205.
[22] S. A. Ilarionov, A. V. Nazarov, I. G. Kalachnikova The Role of Micromycetes in the Phytotoxicity of Crude Oil-Polluted Soils Russian Journal of Ecology Volume 34, Issue 5, pp 303-308
[23] Michael Angelo C. Nicdao and Windell L. Rivera Two strains of Gordonia terrae isolated from used engine oilcontaminated soil utilize short - to - long-chain n-alkanes //Philippine science letters. Vol.5. No, 22012.
[24] Chiu-Chung Young, Ta-Chen Lin, Mao-Song Yeh, Fo-Ting Shen, Jo- Shu “Chang Identification and Kinetic Characteristics of an Indigenous Diesel-degrading Gordonia alkanivorans Strain”, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, v.21, № 8-9, pp 1409- 1414, 2005.