The Effects of Signal Level of the Microwave Generator on the Brillouin Gain Spectrum in BOTDA and BOTDR

Authors: M. Yucel, M. Yucel, N. F. Ozturk, H. H. Goktas, C. Gemci, F. V. Celebi

Abstract:

In this study, Brillouin Gain Spectrum (BGS) is experimentally analyzed in the Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) and Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analyzer (BOTDA). For this purpose, the signal level of the microwave generator is varied and the effects of BGS are investigated. In the setups, 20 km conventional single mode fiber is used to both setups and laser wavelengths are selected around 1550 nm. To achieve best results, it can be used between 5 dBm to 15 dBm signal level of microwave generator for BOTDA and BOTDR setups.

Keywords: Microwave signal level, Brillouin gain spectrum, BOTDA, BOTDR.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1110708

References:

[1] R. Sifta, P. Munster, P. Sysel, T. Horvath, V. Novotny, O. Krajsa, M. Filka, “Distributed fiber-optic sensor for detection and localization of acoustic vibrations,” Metrol. Meas. Syst., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 111–118, 2015.
[2] M.A. Soto, G. Bolognini, Pasquale, F.D., Thévenaz, L. “Simplex-coded BOTDA fiber sensor with 1 m spatial resolution over a 50 km range,” Optical Letters, vol. 35, pp. 259-261, 2010.
[3] Hao, H., Li, W., Linze, N., Chen, L., Bao, X. “High resolution DPPBOTDA over 50 km fiber using return to zero coded pulses,” Optical Letters, vol. 35, pp.1503-1505, 2010
[4] Soto, M.A., Bolognini, G., Pasquale, F.D. “Optimization of long-range BOTDA sensors with high resolution using first-order bi-directional Raman amplification,” Opt. Express, vol.19, pp. 4444-4457, 2011.
[5] Andrew, M. “Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Single-Mode Optical Fiber”, Phd. Thesis, University of Virginia, 1997.
[6] M.N. Alahbabi, “Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Based on the Coherent Detection of Spontaneous Brillouin Scattering,” Phd. Thesis, University of Southampton, Optoelectronic Research Centre, 2005.
[7] A. Kobyakov, M. Sauer, and D. Chowdhury, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers,” Advances in Optics and Photonics, vol. 2, pp.1-59, 2010.
[8] E. Lichtman, R. G. Waarts, and A. A. Friesem, “Stimulated Brillouin scattering excited by a modulated pump wave in single-mode fibers,” Lightwave Technology, vol. 7, pp. 171–174, 1989.
[9] A. Yeniay, M.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse. “Spontaneous and stimulated brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers”, Lightwave Technology, vol. 20, pp.1425-1432, 2002.
[10] R.W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum. “Noise initiation of stimulated brillouin scattering,” Physical Review, vol.42, pp. 5514-5520, 1990.
[11] R.G. Smith., “Optical power handling capacity of low-loss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering”, Applied Optics, vol.11, pp. 2489-2494, 1972.
[12] D. Cotter., “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in monomode optical fiber,” Journal of Optical Communications, vol.4, pp.10-19, 1983.
[13] D. Cotter., “Observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in low loss silica fiber at 1.3 μm.” Electronics Letters, vol.18, pp.495-496, 1982.
[14] S. Sato Y. Koyamada, S. Nakamura, and an nd W. Chujo H. Sotobayashi. “Simulating and designing Brillouin gain spectrum in single-mode fibers,” Journal of Lightwave Technologies, vol.22, pp.631- 639, 2004.
[15] A. Loayssa, R. Hernadez, D. Benito, and S. Galech., “Characterization of stimulated Brillouin scattering spectra by use of optical singlesideband modulation,” Optical Letters, vol.29, pp.638-640, 2004.
[16] D.A. Fishman and J.A. Nagel., “Degradations due to stimulated Brillouin scattering in multigigabit intensity-modulated fiber optic systems,” Journal of Lightwave Technologies, vol.11, pp.1721-17-28, 1993.
[17] S.P. Smith, Z. Zarinetchi, and S. Ezekiel, “Narrow-linewidth stimulated brillouin fiber laser and applications,” Optical Letters, vol.16, pp.393- 395, 1991.
[18] Singh, S. P., Gangwar, R., Singh, N., “Nonlinear Scattering Effects in Optical Fibers,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 74, pp.379–405, 2007.
[19] Xiaorui Li, Huaping Gong, Shuhua Li, Jianfeng Wang, “Experimental Investigation on Pulse Light Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in the Optical Fiber,” Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition, Shanghai, pp.1-8., 13-16 Nov 2011.
[20] M. Yücel, H. H. Göktas, M. Yücel, N.F. Öztürk, “The fiber optical sensing based on Brillouin scattering,” in Proc. 22th, Signal Proces and Commun. App. Conf. (SIU), Trabzon, Turkey, 23-25 April 2014, pp. 838-841.
[21] M. Yücel, M. Yücel, N.F. Öztürk, H. H. Göktas, “The analyzes of the Brillouin scattering for the different fiber types,” in Proc. 23th, Signal Proces and Commun. App. Conf. (SIU), Malatya, Turkey, 16-19 May 2015, pp. 632 – 635.