Effect of Dietary α-Cellulose Levels on the Growth Parameters of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings

Authors: Keri Alhadi Ighwela, Aziz Bin Ahmad, A. B. Abol-Munafi

Abstract:

Three purified diets were formulated using fish meal, soya bean, wheat flour, palm oil, minerals and maltose. The carbohydrate in the diets was increased from 5 to 15% by changing the cellulose content to study the effect of dietary carbohydrate level on the growth parameters of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The protein and the lipid contents were kept constant in all the diets. The results showed that, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilisation and hepatosomatic index of fish fed the diet containing 15% cellulose were the lowest among all groups. Addition, the fish fed the diet containing 5% cellulose had the best specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio. While, there was no effect of the dietary cellulose levels on condition factor and survival rate. These results indicate that Nile tilapia fingerlings are able to utilize dietary cellulose does not exceed 10% in their feed for optimum growth.

Keywords: Dietary cellulose, growth parameters, Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, purified diets.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1109173

References:

[1] El-Sayed A.F. M. 2006. Tilapia Culture. Edited by CABI Publishing, Cambridge, USA.
[2] Ali, Z., A. Hossain and A. Mazid, 2005. Effect of Mixed Feeding Schedules with Varying Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth of Sutchi Catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Silver Carp, Hypophthalichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) in Ponds. Aquaculture Res., 36:627-634.
[3] Suarez PK, Mommsen TP. 1987. Gluconeogenesis in Teleost Fishes. Can. J. Zool.; 65: 1869–1882.
[4] Cowey CB, Walton MJ. 1989. Intermediary Metabolism. ın: Halver JE (ed). Fish Nutrition. Academic Press, New York, USA. 259–329.
[5] Millikin, M. R. 1982. Qualitative and Quantitative Nutrient Requirements of Fishes: A Review. Fishery Bull. 80: 655-686.
[6] Wilson RP. 1994. Utilization of Dietary Carbohydrate by Fish. Aquaculture; 124: 67–80.
[7] Rawles, S.D. and Gatlin, D.M. 1998. Carbohydrate Utilization in Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis and Sunshine Bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis). Aquaculture, 61: 210-212.
[8] Hutchins, C.G., Rawles, S.D. and Gatlin, D. M. 1998. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Kind and Level on Growth, Body Composition and Glycemic Response of Juvenile Sunshine Bass (Morone chrysops ♀x M. saxatilis ♂). Aquaculture, 161:187-199.
[9] Ighwela K.A., A.B. Ahmad and A.B. Abol-Munafi. 2012. Production of Cellulose from Barley Husks as a Partial İngredient of Formulated Diet for Tilapia Fingerlings. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2, No.2, 2012.
[10] Poston H.A.1986. Response of Lake Trout and Rainbow Trout to Dietary Cellulose, Fish Wildl.Tech.Rep., US Fish Wildl. Serv. 5, 6 p.
[11] Ashraf M., Abbas S., Hafeez., Rasul F., Khan N., Zafar A., ,Ehsan M., and Muhammad Naeem M. 2014. Effect of Different Levels of Cellulose on Growth and Survival of Rohu (Labeo Rohita) fingerlings. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research. 2(4):321-326.
[12] Ahamad, S. A. 1982. Effect of Carbohydrate (Starch) Level in Purified Diets on the Growth of Penaeus indicus. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 29 (1 & 2): 201-208.
[13] Teshima S., Kanazama A. and S. Koshis, 1987. Effect of Feeding Rate, Fish Size and Dietary Protein and Cellulose Levels on Growth of Tilapia Nilotica Mem. Fac. Fish., Kagoshima Univ., 36:7-15.
[14] Dioundick, O.B., and D.I. Stom. 1990. Effects of Dietary Cellulose Levels on the Juvenile Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (peters). Aquaculture. 91:311-315.
[15] A.O.A.C. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis 16th Edition. “Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington” Washington D.C.
[16] Gomiero, L. M., Braga, F. M. S.2005. The Condition Factor of Fishes from Two River Basins in Sao Paulo State, Southeast of Brazil. Acta Scientiarum. 27:73-78.
[17] Duncan, D.B.1955. Multiple Range and Multiple F Tests. Biometrics. 1955, 11: 1-42.
[18] Shia, S.Y., H.L. Yu, S. Hua, S.Y. Chen, and S.I. Hsu. 1988. The İnfluence of Carboxymethlcellulose on Growth, Digestion, Gastric Emptying and Body Composition of Tilapia. Aquaculture. 70:345-354.
[19] Dias, J.H., Huelvan, C., Dinis, M.T. and Metailler, R.1998. Influence of Dietary Bulk Agents (Silica, Cellulose and a Natural Zeolite) on Protein Digestibility, Growth, Feed İntake and Feed Transit Time in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles. Aquatic Living Resources 11, 219–226.
[20] Gumus E, Ikiz R.2009. Effect of Dietary Levels of Lipid and Carbohydrate on Growth Performance, Chemical Contents and Digestibility in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Pakistan Veterinary Journal; 29(2):59-63.
[21] Ighwela K.A., A.B. Ahmad and A.B. Abol-Munafi, 2011. Condition Factor as an Indicator of Growth and Feeding İntensity of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) Feed on Different Levels of Maltose, American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 11(4), 559 563.