Optimal Allocation of PHEV Parking Lots to Minimize Distribution System Losses

Authors: Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Ali Abbaspour, Mohsen Mazidi, Mohamamd Rastegar

Abstract:

To tackle the air pollution issues, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are proposed as an appropriate solution. Charging a large amount of PHEV batteries, if not controlled, would have negative impacts on the distribution system. The control process of charging of these vehicles can be centralized in parking lots that may provide a chance for better coordination than the individual charging in houses. In this paper, an optimization-based approach is proposed to determine the optimum PHEV parking capacities in candidate nodes of the distribution system. In so doing, a profile for charging and discharging of PHEVs is developed in order to flatten the network load profile. Then, this profile is used in solving an optimization problem to minimize the distribution system losses. The outputs of the proposed method are the proper place for PHEV parking lots and optimum capacity for each parking. The application of the proposed method on the IEEE-34 node test feeder verifies the effectiveness of the method.

Keywords: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), PHEV parking lot, V2G.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1108090

References:

[1] Don Anair, Amine Mahmassani, “State of Charge: Electric Vehicles' Global Warming Emissions and Fuel-Cost Savings across the United States”, April 2012.
[2] Paul Stenquist, “How Green Are Electric Cars? Depends on Where You Plug In”, The New York Times, April 2012.
[3] FLUENCE and FLUENCE Z.E., “Life Cycle Assessment”, October 2011.
[4] T. Markel, A. Simpson, “Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System Design” in Proc. Advanced Automotive Battery Conf., Baltimore, May 2006.
[5] C. Camus, C. M. Silva, T. L. Farias, and J. Esteves, “Impact of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in The Portuguese Electric Utility System” in Proc. IEEE Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives Conf., June 2009.
[6] M. Moradijoz, M. Parsa Moghaddam, M.R. Haghifam, E. Alishahi, “A Multi-Objective Optimization Problem for Allocating Parking Lots in A Distribution Network” in Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 46, March 2013.
[7] M. Moradijoz, M.P. Moghaddam, “Optimum Allocation Of Parking Lots In Distribution Systems for Loss Reduction” in Power and Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, July 2012.
[8] M. Moradijoz, A. Ghazanfarimeymand, M.P. Moghaddam, M.R. Haghifam, “Optimum Placement Of Distributed Generation and Parking Lots for Loss Reduction in Distribution Networks” in Electrical Power Distribution Networks (EPDC), 2012 Proceedings of 17th Conference, May 2012.
[9] E. Mohammadi, A. Foroughi, M. Rashidinejad, R. Fadaeinedjad, “Optimal allocation of parking lots and PV systems in distribution system for energy loss reduction and voltage profile improvement” in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2013 26th Annual IEEE Canadian Conference, May 2012.
[10] The NHTS Academy, “National Household Travel Survey”, http://nhts.ornl.gov/.
[11] Ahmad Pesaran, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, “Battery Requirements for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles – Analysis and Rationale”, CA, December 2007.
[12] Michael Kintner-Meyer, Kevin Schneider, Robert Pratt, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, “Impacts Assessment of Plug-in Hybridvehicles on Electric Utilities and Regional U.S. Power Grids, Part 1: Technical Analysis”, November 2007.
[13] Electric Power Research Institute, “Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS)”, http://sourceforge.net/projects/electricdss/.
[14] University of New South Wales, Kuhu Gupta, Campus Planner at UNSW Facilities Management, “2013 Travel Survey and Campus Counts - Analysis Summary”, April 2013, Australia.
[15] Global Parking Association Leaders Summit, “2013 Global Parking Survey - Report on Surveys”, Dublin, September 2013.
[16] Soroush Shafiee, Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Mohammad Rastegar, “Investigating the Impacts of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Power Distribution Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, July 2012.
[17] The Australian Energy Market Operator, Retail Markets and Metering, http://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/Data/Metering/Load-Profiles, August 2013.
[18] Distribution Test Feeders, IEEE PES Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee's, Distribution Test Feeder Working Group, http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/feeder34.zip, August 2013.
[19] OAK Ridge National Laboratory, Stanton W. Hadley, “Impact of Plugin Hybrid Vehicles on the Electric Grid”, October 2006.