Multipath Routing Protocol Using Basic Reconstruction Routing (BRR) Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network

Authors: K. Rajasekaran, Kannan Balasubramanian

Abstract:

A sensory network consists of multiple detection locations called sensor nodes, each of which is tiny, featherweight and portable. A single path routing protocols in wireless sensor network can lead to holes in the network, since only the nodes present in the single path is used for the data transmission. Apart from the advantages like reduced computation, complexity and resource utilization, there are some drawbacks like throughput, increased traffic load and delay in data delivery. Therefore, multipath routing protocols are preferred for WSN. Distributing the traffic among multiple paths increases the network lifetime. We propose a scheme, for the data to be transmitted through a dominant path to save energy. In order to obtain a high delivery ratio, a basic route reconstruction protocol is utilized to reconstruct the path whenever a failure is detected. A basic reconstruction routing (BRR) algorithm is proposed, in which a node can leap over path failure by using the already existing routing information from its neighbourhood while the composed data is transmitted from the source to the sink. In order to save the energy and attain high data delivery ratio, data is transmitted along a multiple path, which is achieved by BRR algorithm whenever a failure is detected. Further, the analysis of how the proposed protocol overcomes the drawback of the existing protocols is presented. The performance of our protocol is compared to AOMDV and energy efficient node-disjoint multipath routing protocol (EENDMRP). The system is implemented using NS-2.34. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol has high delivery ratio with low energy consumption.

Keywords: Multipath routing, WSN, energy efficient routing, alternate route, assured data delivery.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1338327

References:

[1] Shuang Li, Raghu KisoreNeelisetti, Cong Liu and Alv in Lim, “Efficient Multipath protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, In Proc International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Networks (IJWMN), Vol.2, No.1, February 2010.
[2] Jonathan L. Bredin, Erik D. Demaine, Mohammad Taghi Hajiaghayi, and Daniela Rus, “Deploying Sensor Networks With Guaranteed Fault Tolerance”, In Proc IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.18, NO.1, February 2010.
[3] Lou,W, Liu, W and Zhang,Y. “Optimizations in Mobile AdHoc”, In Proc.Combinator Optimization, 2006.
[4] W. R. Heizelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy- Efficient Communication Protocol for wireless Micro sensor Networks,” IEEE Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp.-10, January2000.
[5] C. Intagagonwiwat, R.Govindan, and D.Estrin. “Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks.” Mobicom’00Boston 2000; 56-67.
[6] R.C.Shah, H.M.Rabaey. “Energy Aware Routing for Low Energy Ad Hoc Sensor Networks.”IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2002.
[7] D.Braginsky, D.Estrin. “Rumour Routing Algorithm for sensor Networks.” In Proc. of the First ACM International workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks &Applications, Atlanta, September 2002, page 22-29.
[8] D.Ganesan, R.Govindan, S.Shenker, and D.Estrin. “Highly-Resilient, Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks” ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Vol. 5, No.4, October 2001.
[9] F.Ye, S. Lu, and L.Zhang. Gradient Broadcast: “A Robust, Long-lived Sensor Network.”Http://irl.cs.ucla.edu/papers/grab-tech-reports.ps, 2001.
[10] F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E.Cayirci, “Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”, Computer Networks, March 2002.
[11] Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan, and Deborah Estrin. “Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks”. In Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, MobiCom ’00, pages 56–67, New York, NY, USA, 2000. ACM.
[12] Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar Marjan Radi, Behnam Dezfouli and Malrey Lee. “Multipath routing in wireless sensor networks: Survey and research challenges”. MDPI Sensors, 12(1):650–685, January 2012.
[13] Ganesan Deepak, Govindan Ramesh, Shenker Scott, and Deborah Estrin. “Highly-resilient energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor networks”. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing, MobiHoc ’01, pages 251–254, New York, NY, USA, 2001. ACM.
[14] Ye Ming Lu, V. W. S. Wong, "An Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE 64th Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 1-5, Sept. 2006.
[15] Philipp Hurni and Torsten Braun. “Energy-efficient multi-path routing in wireless sensor networks”. In Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Ad-hoc, Mobile and Wireless Networks, pages 72–85, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. Springer-Verlang.
[16] Eyuphan Bulut Zijian Wang and Boleslaw K. Szymanski. “Energy efficient collision aware multipath routing for wireless sensor networks”. In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications, pages 91–95. IEEE Press, 2009.
[17] R.D.Poor.GradientRoutinginAdHocNetworks.(Online).Available:http:// www.media.mit.edu/pia/Research/ESP/texts/porieeepaper.pdf.
[18] D.B.Johnson and D.A.Maltz. “Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks. Mobile computing,” Norwell, Mass: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996, pp. 153-181.