OAS and Interstate Dispute Resolution at the Beginning of the 21st Century: General Pattern and Peculiarities

Authors: V. Jeifets, L. Khadorich

Abstract:

The paper describes the OAS role in dispute resolution. The authors make an attempt to identify a general pattern of the OAS activities within the peaceful settlement of interstate conflicts, in the beginning of 21st century, as well as to analyze some features of Honduras–Belize, Nicaragua–Honduras, Honduras–El Salvador, Costa-Rica–Nicaragua, Colombia–Ecuador cases.

Keywords: OAS, regional security, peace maintenance, border dispute, dispute resolution, peaceful settlement.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1338216

References:

[1] The OAS Charter signed in Bogotá in 1948 and amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires in 1967, by the Protocol of Cartagena de Indias in 1985, by the Protocol of Washington in 1992, and by the Protocol of Managua in 1993. – URL: http://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_ A-41_Charter_of_the_Organization_of_American_States.htm#ch6
[2] B. F. Martynov, “Sila parava ili pravo sily. Mejdunarodnaya bezopasnost (latinoamericanskii rakurs)” (The power of rule or rule of power (Latin American perspective), Moscow, 2004.
[3] J. I. Domínguez, “Boundary Disputes in Latin America, United States Institute of Peace”, 2003.
[4] K. van Walraven, J. van der Vlugt, “Conflict Prevention and Early Warning in the Political Practice of International Organizations,” Den Haag, 1996, p. 33.
[5] C. Stoetzer, “The Organization of American States”, 2nd ed., London, 1993.
[6] G. P. Atkins, “Encyclopedia of Inter-American System”, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997.
[7] “The Future of Inter-American Relations” / ed. by J. I. Domínguez, New York: Routledge, 2000.
[8] F. Rojas Aravena, “Williamsburg : Un Giro Definitivo en las Relaciones Hemisféricas de Seguridad?”, Estudios Internacionales, No. 12, 1996, pp. 139–164.
[9] A. F. Cooper, Th. Legler, “Intervention without intervening? : the OAS defense and promotion of democracy in the Americas,” New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
[10] Th. Legler, “Multilateralism and regional governance in the Americas” in “Latin American Multilateralism: New Directions,” FOCAL, 2010, pp. 12–17.
[11] T. Farer, “The grand strategy of the United States in Latin America,” 1988.
[12] B. Weiffen, “Persistence and Change in Regional Security Institutions: Does the OAS Still Have a Project?” Contemporary Security Policy, 33 (2012), 2, pp. 360-383.
[13] B. Weiffen, “The Inter-American Security System: Changes and Challenges,” Carta Internacional, 5 (2010), 1, pp. 21-37.
[14] M. Hirst, Los claroscuros de la seguridad regional en las Américas, Nueva Sociedad, No. 185, 2003. – URL : http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/3124_1.pdf
[15] R. Diamint, “Security Challenges in Latin America,” Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 23, Issue 1, 2004, pp. 43-62.
[16] C. M. Shaw, “Cooperation, Conflict and Consensus in the Organization of American States,” New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 56–57.
[17] M. Herz, “The Organization of American States (OAS): Global governance away from the media,” New York: Routledge, 2011.
[18] B. Horwitz, “The Transformation of the Organization of American States. A Multilateral Framework for Regional Governance,” London, 2011.
[19] The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance adopted at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 09/02/47. – URL: http://www.oas.org/juridico/ english/sigs/b-29.html
[20] A. Hurrell, “Security in Latin America”, International Affairs, 74 (3), 1998, pp. 529-546.
[21] Declaration on Security in the Americas, adopted at the third plenary session of October 28, 2003. – URL: https://www.oas.org/en/sms/docs/ DECLARATION%20SECURITY%20AMERICAS%20REV%201%20- %2028%20OCT%202003%20CE00339.pdf
[22] M. Herz, “Does the OAS Matter? Institute of International Relations,” PUC-Rio, 2008, p. 11-12.
[23] M. Talamas, “Peaceful Settlement of Territorial disputes,” Americas, Vol. 63, Issue 3, 2011, pp. 50-53.
[24] C. Fuentes, “Fronteras y calientes”, Foreign Affairs Latino América, 8 (3), 2008, pp. 12-21.
[25] Final Report Working Group – August 2014, OAS. – URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bx8yHQ_oK0EwdUFiUFdYRnJBTjA/e dit
[26] Confidence and Security Building Measures Inventory Updating 2012, IABD, March 2014. – URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/ 0Bx8yHQ_oK0EwT2ZxZWo5YThPQXc/edit
[27] M. Bromley and C. Solmirano, “Transparency in Military Spending and Arms Acquisitions in Latin America and the Caribbean”, SIPRI Policy Paper No. 31, January 2012. – URL: https://www.google.ru/url ?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url= http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.sipri.org%2Ffiles%2FPP%2FSIPRIPP31.pdf&e i=E6N1VO6lKem7ygPyi4GYBg&usg=AFQjCNHUB6mQB031Ib6j3Tz rnDnq72RzA& sig2=88jO1Gl5Hhx9DYQY9WL54w&bvm=bv.80642063,d.b GQ&cad=rjt
[28] OAS Permanent Council Resolution CP/RES. 757 (1216/99), “Support for the Governments of Honduras and Nicaragua”, December 7, 1999. – URL: http://www.oas.org/sap/peacefund/resolutions/Resolution_757_ Honduras_and_Nicaragua_English.pdf
[29] Honduras and Nicaragua // Department of Democratic Sustainability and Special Missions. – URL: http://www.oas.org/sap/peacefund/ hondurasandnicaragua/
[30] Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras), Summary of the Judgment of 8 October 2007, International Court of Justice. – URL: http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/120/14077.pdf
[31] El Salvador and Honduras // Department of Democratic Sustainability and Special Mission. – URL: http://www.oas.org/sap/peacefund/ hondurasandelsalvador/
[32] Belize Hoping For Referendum On Border Dispute With Guatemala Soon, The Gleaner, July 1, 2014. – URL: http://jamaicagleaner. com/extra/article.php?id=3803
[33] “La OEA: Paz, Democracia y Resolución de Conflictos”, Secretaría General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos, 2011, pp. 105- 106.
[34] RC.25/Res. 1/08 Rev. 1.
[35] Guyana Government Information Agency, January 29, 2014. – URL: http://www.gina.gov.gy/home/index.php/2014-04-29-14-00-07/officeof- the-president/235-peace-is-essential-for-progress-president-ramotarat- 2nd-celac-summit-latin-america-and-caribbean-declared-zone-ofpeace
[36] S. Baranyi, “Inter-American Institutions and Conflict Prevention,” FOCAL. – URL: http://www.focal.ca/pdf/security_Baranyi-NSI_Inter- American%20institutions%20conflict%20prevention_March%202005_F PP-05-04_e.pdf
[37] Strengthening the role of mediation in the peaceful settlement of disputes, conflict prevention and resolution. Report of Secretary-General // United Nations General Assembly, 25 June 2012. – URL: http://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SGReport_Stren ghteningtheRoleofMediation_A66811.pd