Music in the Early Stages of Life: Considerations from Working with Groups of Mothers and Babies

Authors: Ana Paula Melchiors Stahlschmidt

Abstract:

This paper discusses the role of music as a ludic activity and constituent element of voice in the construction and consolidation of the relationship of the baby and his/her mother or caretaker, evaluating its implications in his/her psychic structure and constitution as a subject. The work was based on the research developed as part of the author’s doctoral activities carried out from her insertion in a project of the Music Department of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, which objective was the development of musical activities with groups of babies from 0 to 24 months old and their caretakers. Observations, video recordings of the meetings, audio testemonies, and evaluation tools applied to group participants were used as instruments for this research. Information was collected on the participation of 195 babies, among which 8 were more focused on through interviews with their mothers or caretakers. These interviews were analyzed based on the referential of French Discourse Analysis, Psychoanalysis, Psychology of Development and Musical Education. The results of the research were complemented by other posterior experiences that the author developed with similar groups, in a context of a private clinic. The information collected allowed the observation of the ludic and structural functions of musical activities, when developed in a structured environment, as well as the importance of the musicality of the mother’s voice to the psychical structuring of the baby, allowing his/her insertion in the language and his/her constitution as a subject.

Keywords: Music and babies, maternal voice, Psychoanalysis and music, Psychology and music.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1337779

References:

[1] M. Mark, C. Gary, A history of American music education. New York: Schirmer Books, 1992.
[2] S. Sadie (editor), The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians. London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1980, ch. Psychology of music.
[3] M. F. Casterède, La Voix et ses Sortilèges. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2000.
[4] P. Ostwald, “Music in the organization of childhood experience and emotion,” in 1987 Proc. The biology of music making Denver conference, S. Louis, 1990, pp. 11-27.
[5] H. Kohut, “Observations of the psychological functions of music,” Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. vol. 5, n. 3, p. 389- 407, 1957.
[6] A. Sabbadini, “On sound, children, identity and a ‘quite unmusical’ man,” British Journal of Psychoterapy, v. 14, n. 2, p. 189-195, 1997.
[7] A. Stein, “On Listening in music and psychoanalysis,” Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture & Society. v. 5, n. 1, p. 139-144, 2000.
[8] D. W. Winnicott, O Brincar e a Realidade. Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 1975.
[9] D. L. Bogomoletz. Winnicott e a Música. Disponível em http://www.psicopedagogia.com.br/artigos/artigo.asp?entrID=9. Acesso em 06 de setembro de 2014.
[10] S. Rogers, “Theories of child developmental and musical ability,” in Proc. The biology of music making Denver conference, 1987, St. Louis, 1990, pp. 1-10.
[11] A. Didier-Weill, Os Três Tempos da Lei: O mandamento siderante, a injunção do supereu e a invocação musical. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 1997a.
[12] A. Didier-Weill, Nota Azul: Freud, Lacan e a arte. Rio de Janeiro: Contra Capa, 1997b.
[13] A. Didier-Weill, Invocations: Dionysos, Moïse, Saint Paul et Freud. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1998.
[14] A. P. Stahlschmidt, “Dons sons à palavra: um ensaio sobre a musicalidade da relação mãe-bebê,” in Atendimento ao bebê: uma abordagem interdisciplinary, M. C. Camarotti (org), São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo, 2001, pp. 45-60.
[15] A. P. Stahlschmidt, “Cantos e encantos: sobre a música na voz e a voz na música”, in O som e a criatividade: reflexões sobre experiências musicais, E. W. Beyer (org), Santa Maria: UFSM, 2005, pp. 20-34.
[16] A. P. Stahlschmidt, A canção do desejo: a música na relação pais-bebê. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo, 2008.
[17] M. Teixeira, Análise de Discurso e Psicanálise: elementos para uma abordagem do sentido no discurso. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, 2000.
[18] D. Queiroz, J. Vall, A. M. Souza, N. Vieira, “Observação participante na pesquisa qualitative: conceitos e aplicações na area da saúde,” Enfermagem, v. 15, n. 2, pp. 276-283, 2007.
[19] E. Beyer, “A construção de conceitos musicais no indivíduo: perspectivas para a educação musical,” Em Pauta, v. 10, n. 11, 1995, pp. 48-58.
[20] A. Smuel, “Music therapy intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit environment”, Jornal de Pediatria, vol. 87, n. 3, 2011. Pp. 183-185.
[21] J. Feres, Bebê - música e movimento: orientação para musicalização infantil. São Paulo: JSM Feres, 1998.
[22] A. Oliveira. “Fundamentos da educação musical,” Fundamentos da educação musical, ABEM, vol. 1, 1993, p. 26-46.
[23] T. Neves, “Brincar e jogos de linguagem,” in Análise psicológica, vol. 3, n. 27, 2009, pp. 433-442.
[24] J. Rassial, “Psicose na adolescência,” Escritos da criança, n. 4, 1996, pp. 80-96.
[25] E. Coriat. Psicanálise e Clínica de Bebês: a psicanálise na clínica de bebês e crianças pequenas. Porto Alegre: Artes e Ofícios, 1997.
[26] M. Camarotti, “Que olhar tão triste o de mamãe – o bebê diante da depressão materna.” In Atendimento ao bebê: uma abordagem interdisciplinar, M. Camarotti (org), São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo, 2001.
[27] C. Trevarthen, K. Aitken. “Infant Intersubjectivity: Research, Theory, and Clinical Applications,” Journal of Child Psychobiology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, vol. 42, n. 1, 2001, pp. 3-48.
[28] M. Laznik, “A voz como primeiro objeto da pulsão,” Estilos da Clínica, vol. 1, n. 1, 1996, pp. 80-93.
[29] P. Aulagnier, Um intérprete em busca de sentido, São Paulo: Escuta, 1990.
[30] A. Decasper, J. Lecanuet, M. Busnel, C. Granier-Deferre, R. Maugeais, “Fetal reactions to recurrent maternal speech,” Infant behavior and development, vol, 17, 1994, pp. 159-164.
[31] J. Authier-Revuz, “Heterogeneidade(s) enunciativa(s),” Caderno de estudos linguísticos, vol. 19, 1990, pp. 25-42.