{"title":"Deformability of the Rare Earth Metal Modified Metastable-\u03b2 Alloy Ti-15Mo","authors":"F. Brunke, L. Waalkes, C. Siemers","volume":95,"journal":"International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering","pagesStart":1205,"pagesEnd":1210,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/9999691","abstract":"
Due to reduced stiffness, research on second
\r\ngeneration titanium alloys for implant applications, like the
\r\nmetastable β-titanium alloy Ti-15Mo, become more and more
\r\nimportant in the recent years. The machinability of these alloys is
\r\ngenerally poor leading to problems during implant production and
\r\ncomparably large production costs. Therefore, in the present study,
\r\nTi-15Mo was alloyed with 0.8 wt.-% of the rare earth metals
\r\nlanthanum (Ti-15Mo+0.8La) and neodymium (Ti-15Mo+0.8Nd) to
\r\nimprove its machinability. Their microstructure consisted of a
\r\ntitanium matrix and micrometer-size particles of the rare earth metals
\r\nand two of their oxides. The particles stabilized the microstructure as
\r\ngrain growth was minimized. As especially the ductility might be
\r\naffected by the precipitates, the behavior of Ti-15Mo+0.8La and Ti-
\r\n15Mo+0.8Nd was investigated during static and dynamic
\r\ndeformation at elevated temperature to develop a processing route.
\r\nThe resulting mechanical properties (static strength and ductility)
\r\nwere similar in all investigated alloys.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] M. Peters, C. Leyens, Titanium and Titanium Alloys, Wiley-VCH, Germany, 2002.\r\n[2] M. Geetha, A.K. Singh, R. Asokamani, A.K. Gogia, Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants \u2013 A Review, Prog. Mater. Sci. 54, 2009, pp. 397-425.\r\n[3] A.G. Robling, A.B. Castillo, C.H. Turner, Biochemical and Molecular\r\nRegulation of Bone Remodeling, Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2006, Vol. 8\r\n(2006), pp. 455-498.\r\n[4] A.W. Bowen, Strength enhancement in a metastable \u03b2-titanium alloy: Ti-15Mo, Journal of Mat. Sci 12, 1977, pp. 1355-1360.\r\n[5] W. Ho, Effect of Omega Phase on Mechanical Properties of Ti-Mo\r\nAlloys for Biomedical Applications, Journal of Med. and Bio. Eng.,\r\n28(1): pp. 47-51.\r\n[6] G. L\u00fctjering, Titanium, second ed., Springer Verlag, Germany, 2007.\r\n[7] J. Donarchie, Titanium \u2013 A Technical Guide, ASM International, USA,\r\n1988.\r\n[8] M. B\u00e4ker, Finite Element Investigation of the Flow Stress Dependence\r\nof Chip Formation, J.Mater. Proc. Technol. 167, (2005),pp. 1-13.\r\n[9] G. Sutter, G. List, Very high speed cutting of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy \u2013 \r\nchange in morphology and mechanism of chip formation, Int. J. of\r\nMachine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 66, 2013, pp. 37-43.\r\n[10] M. Cotterell, G. Byrne, Dynamics of chip formation during orthogonal\r\ncutting of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, CIRP Annals \u2013 Manufacturing\r\nTechn., Vol. 57, 2008, pp. 93-96.\r\n[11] C. Siemers, P. Jencus, M. B\u00e4ker, J. R\u00f6sler, F. Feyerabend, A new free\r\nmachining Titaniumalloy containing Lanthanum, in: Proc. 11th World \r\nConference in Ti, Kyoto, Japan (2007), pp. 709-712.\r\n[12] C. Siemers, F. Brunke, J. Laukart, M.S. Hussain, J. R\u00f6sler, K. Saksl, B.\r\nZahra, Rare EarthMetals in Titanium Alloys \u2013 A Systematic Study, in:\r\nProc. COM2012, Section Rare Earth Metals 2012, Niagara Falls,\r\nCanada, 2012, pp. 281-292.\r\n[13] J. Laukart, C. Siemers, J. R\u00f6sler, Microstructure Evolution in Ti-Al-Mo-\r\nFe-Mn-Cr-Cu Alloyscontaining Rare-Earth Metals, in: Proc. 12th World\r\nConference on Ti, Beijing, China (2011), pp. 459-463.\r\n[14] J. Laukart, C. Siemers, J. R\u00f6sler, Development of a castable, free-\r\nmaching titanium alloy,Mater. Sci. Forum 690, (2011), pp. 3-6.\r\n[15] F. Brunke, E. Meyer-Kornblum, C. Siemers, Influence of Iron on the\r\nSize and Distribution of Metallic LanthanumParticles in Free-machining\r\nTitanium Alloys Ti 6Al 7Nb xFe 0.9La, Mater. Sci. Forum 765, (2013),\r\npp. 42-46\r\n[16] N. Schell, A. King, F. Beckmann, H.U. Ruhnau, R. Kirchhof, R. Kiehn,\r\nM. Mueller, A. Schreyer, The High Energy Materials Science Beamline\r\n(HEMS) at PETRA III, Proceedings of the 10th International\r\nConference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, Melbourne,\r\nAustralia, September 27th \u2013 October 2nd , 2009, pp. 391 - 394.\r\n[17] A.P. Hammersley, S.O. Svensson, M. Hanfland, A.N. Fitch, D.\r\nH\u00e4usermann, Two dimensional detector software: from real detector to\r\nidealised image or two theta scan, High Pressure Research 14 (4-5)\r\n(1996), pp. 235\u2013248.\r\n[18] B. H. Toby, \"CMPR - a powder diffraction toolkit,\" Journal of Applied \r\nCrystallography 38, (2005), pp. 1040-1041.\r\n[19] C. Siemers, F. Brunke, M. Stache, J. Laukart, B. Zahra, J. R\u00f6sler, P.\r\nRockicki, K. Saksl, Advanced Titanium Alloys containing Micrometer-\r\nSize Particles, in: Proc. 12th World Conference on Ti, Beijing, China\r\n(2011), pp. 883-887.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 95, 2014"}