{"title":"The Effect of Precipitation on Weed Infestation of Spring Barley under Different Tillage Conditions ","authors":"J. Winkler, S. Chovancov\u00e1","volume":92,"journal":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering","pagesStart":873,"pagesEnd":881,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/9999123","abstract":"
The article deals with the relation between rainfall in selected months and subsequent weed infestation of spring barley. The field experiment was performed at Mendel University agricultural enterprise in \u017dab\u010dice, Czech Republic. Weed infestation was measured in spring barley vegetation in years 2004 to 2012. Barley was grown in three tillage variants: conventional tillage technology (CT), minimization tillage technology (MT), and no tillage (NT). Precipitation was recorded in one-day intervals. Monthly precipitation was calculated from the measured values in the months of October through to April. The technique of canonical correspondence analysis was applied for further statistical processing. 41 different species of weeds were found in the course of the 9-year monitoring period. The results clearly show that precipitation affects the incidence of most weed species in the selected months, but acts differently in the monitored variants of tillage technologies.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tA. L\u00e9g\u00e8re, F. C. Stevenson, and D. L. Benoit, \"Diversity and assembly of weed communities: contrasting responses across cropping systems.\u201d Weed Research, vol. 45, p. 303\u2013315, 2005.\r\n[2]\tD. Tuesca, E. Puricelli, and J. C. Papa, A long-term study of weed flora shifts in different tillage systems. Weed Research, vol. 41, p. 369\u2013382, 2001.\r\n[3]\tR. R. Allmaras, S. M. Copeland, P. J. Copeland, and M. Oussible, \"Spatial relations between oat residue and ceramic spheres when incorporated sequentially by tillage\u201d. Soil Sci.Soc. Am. J., vol. 60, pp. 1209\u20131216, 1996.\r\n[4]\tR. Lal, and O. O. Ankiremi,: \"Physical properties of earthworm casts and surface soil as influenced by management,\u201d Soil Sci, vol. 135, pp. 114\u2013122, 1983.\r\n[5]\tJ. E. Zachman, D. R. Linden, and C. E. Clapp, \"Macroporous infiltration and redistribution as affected by earthworms, tillage and residue,\u201d Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 51, pp. 1580\u20131586, 1987.\r\n[6]\tD. Horsch, \"Reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung, angepaste Saattechnik und Unkrautbek\u00e4mpfungnachdem System Horsch,\u201d Integrierter Landbau, BLV Vorlagsges, M\u00fcnchen, 1990, pp. 273\u2013281.\r\n[7]\tI. J. Packer, G. J. Hamilton, and T. B.Koen, \"Runoff, soil loss and soil physical property changes of light textured surface soil from long-term tillage treatment,\u201d Aust. J.Soil Res., vol. 30, pp. 789\u2013806, 1992.\r\n[8]\tR. H. Azooze, and M. A. Arshad, Soil infiltration and hydraulic conductivity under long-term no-tillage and conventional tillage systems, Canadian Journal of soil science, vol. 49, pp. 143\u2013152, 1996.\r\n[9]\tJ. C. Gantzer, and G. R. Blake, \"Physical characteristic of Le Sueur clay loam soil following no-till and conventional tillage,\u201d Agronomy Journal, vol. 70, pp. 853\u2013857, 1978.\r\n[10]\tM. A. Arshad, A. J. Franzluebbrs, and R. H. Azooz, \"Components of surface soil structure under conventional and no-tillage in northwestern Canada\u201d, Soil & Tillage Research, vol. 53, pp. 41\u201347, 1999.\r\n[11]\tJ. Hor\u00e1\u010dek, R. Ledvina, J. Stach, J. \u0160abatka, and A., Raus, \"Assessment of soil physical properties in a classic no-tillage technology of cultivation of potatoes,\u201d Zem. Tech., vol. 45, pp. 81\u201386, 1999.\r\n[12]\tG. W. Thomas, and R. E.Phillips, \"Modeling soil water contents and their effect on stream flow in Kentucky\u201d, Research Report No. 128. Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kentucky, 1981.\r\n[13]\tM. A. Choudhary, A. Akramkhanov, and S. Saggar, \"Nitrous oxide emissions from a New Zealand cropped soil: tillage effects, spatial and seasonal variability,\" Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol. 93, pp. 33\u201343, 2002.\r\n[14]\tE. Fulajt\u00e1r, \"Physical properties of soil in Slovakia, their treatment and recovery,\u201d Bratislava, Veda, Polnohospod\u00e1rstvo, vol. A1\/86, pp. 156\u2013159, 1986.\r\n[15]\tJ. Hula, and B. Prochazkova, Minimalization of soil tillage. Praha, 2008, pp. 150\u2013172. \r\n[16]\tM. R. Carter, \"Temporal variability of soil macroporosity in a fine sandy loam under mouldboard ploughing and direct drilling.\u201d Soil & Tillage Research, vol. 12, pp. 37\u201351, 1988.\r\n[17]\tK. Kub\u00e1t, \"The key to the flora of the Czech Republic,\u201d Academia. Praha, p. 928, 2002.\r\n[18]\tC., J., F. Ter Braak, Canoco \u2013 a fortran program for canonical community ordination by (partial) (detrended) (canonical) correspondence analysis (version 4.0.), Report LWA-88-02 Agricultural Mathematics Group, Wageningen, 1998.\r\n","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 92, 2014"}