@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/9997698,
	  title     = {Precision Assessment of the Orthometric Heights Determination in the Northern Part of Libya },
	  author    = {Jamal A. Gledan and  Akrm H. Algnin },
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {The Global Positioning System (GPS), satellite-based technology, has been utilized extensively in the last few years in a wide range of Geometrics and Geographic Information Systems’ (GIS) applications. One of the main challenges dealing with GPS-based heights consists of converting them into Mean Sea Level (MSL) heights, which is used in surveys and mapping.

In this research’s work, differences in heights of 50 points, in northern part of Libya has been carried out by using both ordinary leveling (in which Geoid is the reference datum) and GPS techniques (in which Ellipsoid is the reference datum). In addition, this study utilized the EGM2008 model to obtain the undulation values between the ellipsoidal and orthometric heights. From these values of ellipsoidal heights can be obtained from GPS observations to compute the orthomteric heights. This research presents a suitable alternative, from an economical point of view, to substitute the expensive traditional leveling technique, particularly, for topographic mapping.
},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Geological and Environmental Engineering},
	  volume    = {8},
	  number    = {3},
	  year      = {2014},
	  pages     = {268 - 272},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/9997698},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/87},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 87, 2014},
	}